D2.2

2. The observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype and environment.
3. The addition of acetyl groups to histone tails that promotes a more open chromatin structure.
5. A DNA sequence that decreases or stops transcription when bound by repressor proteins.
10. Methylation of these specific residues in histone tails can either repress or activate transcription.
11. The DNA base that is commonly methylated in promoter regions to repress gene expression.
13. Proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences to regulate the recruitment of RNA polymerase.
14. The study of heritable changes in gene expression that do not involve alterations to the DNA sequence.
15. Factors like temperature or chemicals that can trigger chemical modifications to histones or DNA.

1. A structural unit of a eukaryotic chromosome consisting of DNA coiled around eight histone proteins.
4. The addition of methyl groups to DNA or histones, usually associated with decreased gene expression.
6. The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes.
7. A non-coding DNA sequence located near a gene where RNA polymerase binds to start transcription.
8. A regulatory DNA sequence that increases the rate of transcription when bound by activator proteins.
9. Chemical changes to histone tails that alter chromatin structure and regulate transcription.
12. An offspring resulting from the cross of two different true-breeding or genetically distinct parents.