History of Computing/Data Representation/Computer Hardware & Software

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Across
  1. 1. A data type that stores a decimal number, not a whole number ( e.g 3.14, -26.9 )
  2. 3. Mechanical calculator by Charles Babbage for polynomial functions.
  3. 4. Designed by Charles Babbage for general-purpose computations.
  4. 7. Replaced vacuum tubes in second-generation computers.
  5. 8. Base-2 system with digits 0 and 1.
  6. 10. Considered firts computer programmer.
  7. 11. Involves CPU, memory, bus, and I/O devices. Basically, it defines how hardware devices are physically connected.
  8. 13. Properties of a GUI (Graphical User Interface).
  9. 14. A hardware device that uses lasers or light to read from, and write to, CDs, DVDs, or Blu-ray discs.
  10. 18. Alan Turing's theoretical computer science basis.
  11. 22. Use a spinning platter and a mechanical arm to read and write information. Uses magnetic material to store binary values
  12. 23. Steps: Fetch, decode, execute instructions repeatedly.
  13. 26. System Software that supports a computer's basic functions, such as scheduling tasks, executing applications, and controlling peripherals. Also known as system software.
  14. 27. A data type to store a numbers (both positive or negative).
  15. 32. Most popular operating systems for desktop and laptop computers? Not Apple.
  16. 33. Combination of hardware, software, data, and user.
  17. 35. Chrome, Safari, Firefox and Internet Explorer are examples.
  18. 37. Consists of 8 bits.
  19. 38. a data structure (also called an array) that stores multiple pieces of information at once.
  20. 39. Programs created to allow the user to perform a specific job or task.
  21. 44. The paths, or lines, on the motherboard on which data, instructions, and electrical power move from component to component.
  22. 45. Memory modules on the motherboard containing microchips used to temporarily hold data and programs while the CPU processes both. Information in RAM is lost when the PC is turned off (volatile).
  23. 46. Format of data in a program, such as char, string, int, float or bool.
  24. 47. 16-bit code for global characters.
  25. 48. A method in computing of being able to represent both positive and negative numbers. The left most bit represents sign (0 = positive, 1 = negative) and the remain bits represent the number.
  26. 49. A data type storing either a True or False value.
  27. 50. Additional hardware connected to a computer system.
  28. 51. Synchronizes CPU operations (e.g., 5GHz = 5 billion instructions/sec).
Down
  1. 2. 7-bit code for English characters.
  2. 5. Most popular operating systems for mobile devices. Not Apple.
  3. 6. Introduced by Commodore, Apple, IBM in the 1970s-1980s.
  4. 9. A type of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical icons and visual indicators such windows, icons, menus and pointing devices.
  5. 12. 1,000 MB.
  6. 15. Combined multiple electronic circuits on a single chip.
  7. 16. When the result of adding binary goes beyond the number of bits that the computer system can handle.
  8. 17. First general-purpose electronic computer.
  9. 19. A microchip that contains programming code and cannot be erased (non-volatile).
  10. 20. 8-bit code for English characters.
  11. 21. Base-16 system used as shorthand for binary in programming.
  12. 24. 1,000 GB.
  13. 25. A device that presents data from the computer, like a printer or computer monitor.
  14. 28. Stores data, programs, and results (RAM and ROM).
  15. 29. A graphic-free user interface, such as the Command Prompt application in Windows.
  16. 30. 1,000 bytes.
  17. 31. 1,000 KB.
  18. 34. CPUs on a single chip enabling personal computers.
  19. 36. The type of hard drive that has no moving parts. Benefits include; run with no noise, emit little heat, require little power, quite reliable and robust.
  20. 40. A data type that can store a sequence of characters.
  21. 41. Short for character. A data type that can store a single value (e.g a, 9, &)
  22. 42. A device used to enter information into a computer, like a mouse or keyboard.
  23. 43. First electronic digital computer, not general-purpose.
  24. 49. A program which stores the start up instructions for a computer.