Across
- 4. This structure can change position through movement of the temporomandibular joints and their ligaments
- 6. _____ sounds are produced in the POA by forcing air through a narrow constriction
- 7. The most important contributor to pharyngeal-oral contact pressure
- 9. Opposition to movement that results in a loss of energy through friction
- 11. Velopharyngeal ________ is caused by structural abnormalities that make it impossible to completely separate the oral airway from the nasal airway, usually associated with an inability to close the VP port
- 12. Sounds produced with a constriction or obstruction; includes stops, fricatives, and affricates
- 14. Shaping of a sound
- 15. A measure of the opposition that a system presents to the acoustic flow resulting from an acoustic pressure applied to the system
Down
- 1. Velopharygneal ______ refers to when the physical structure is intact, but weakness/paralysis of the muscles cause difficulty or inability for VP closure
- 2. Creation of a sound source
- 3. Outward movements of the pharyngeal wall are made by the ________ muscle
- 5. The cavity or channel within a tube or tubular organ
- 8. These nasopharyngeal tonsils grow during childhood and then atrophy
- 10. Sounds produced with relatively open POA or nasal airway allowing air and sound to flow freely from the glottis and through the lips or nose; includes vowels, glides, liquids, and nasals
- 13. _____ sounds are produced by obstructing the airflow somewhere along the POA and then releasing it quickly