Across
- 2. A business strategy in which a company controls multiple stages of production and distribution.
- 4. A political organization that gained support by providing services and jobs in exchange for votes.
- 7. The manufacturing of large quantities of goods using standardized parts and assembly methods to lower costs and increase output.
- 9. The process of the U.S. government using the Department of Justice to break up monopolies
- 13. A railroad completed in 1869 that connected the East and West Coasts, improving trade and travel.
- 18. A crowded and poorly maintained apartment building that housed many urban immigrant families.
- 20. A social reformer who founded Hull House and worked to improve conditions for immigrants and the poor.
- 23. A powerful political machine in New York City that influenced elections and government jobs.
- 25. One of the first major labor unions that sought broad reforms for workers.
- 26. A method for producing steel more efficiently and cheaply, fueling industrial growth.Steel An important industrial material used in railroads, bridges, skyscrapers, and machinery during industrialization.
- 27. An organization formed by workers to improve wages, hours, and working conditions.
- 30. A person who organizes and operates a business while taking financial risks in hopes of earning profits.
- 31. The major immigration processing station in New York Harbor that welcomed millions of immigrants.
- 32. A period of rapid economic growth and wealth during the late 1800s that also featured political corruption and inequality.
- 34. An inventor who developed practical electric lighting and many other innovations that supported industrial growth.
- 36. The movement of people into cities as industrial jobs became available.
- 37. A work stoppage organized by workers to pressure employers into meeting demands.
- 42. A term used by supporters to describe business leaders who contributed to economic growth and innovation.
- 47. A nationwide railroad strike in 1894 that led to federal intervention against workers.
- 48. A business strategy in which a company gains control of competing businesses in the same industry.
- 49. A community center that provided services and assistance to immigrants and the urban poor.
- 50. Founder of the American Federation of Labor who advocated for better wages and working conditions.
Down
- 1. A violent labor protest in Chicago in 1886 that hurt public support for unions.
- 3. A term used by critics to describe wealthy industrialists accused of exploiting workers and unfair business practices.
- 5. A powerful banker and financier who organized major corporations and helped stabilize industries.
- 6. A law passed in 1887 that allowed the federal government to regulate railroad rates and practices.
- 8. A workplace with poor conditions, low wages, and long hours, commonly found in urban industries.
- 10. A law passed in 1890 designed to limit monopolies and promote competition.
- 11. A major steelworkers strike in 1892 that ended in violence and weakened organized labor.
- 12. A business arrangement in which several companies combine under one management to reduce competition and increase profits.
- 14. A communication system that sent messages over long distances using electrical signals.
- 15. An inventor best known for developing the telephone, improving communication nationwide.
- 16. A belief that favored native-born Americans and often opposed immigration.
- 17. The movement of people from Western European countries to the U.S. in search of opportunity, assimilated well (Germans & Irish).
- 19. The movement of people from Eastern European countries to the U.S. in search of opportunity, difficulty assimilating (Italian, Poles, Greeks, etc.
- 21. A political leader associated with corruption and New York City's Tammany Hall political machine.
- 22. A business leader who built a transportation empire through railroads and shipping.
- 24. Andrew Carnegie's belief that wealthy individuals had a responsibility to use their fortunes to benefit society.
- 28. A steel industry leader who used vertical integration and promoted philanthropy through large charitable donations.
- 29. The belief that government should interfere as little as possible in business and the economy.
- 33. A reform effort that sought to address problems caused by industrialization, urbanization, and political corruption.
- 35. A labor union led by Samuel Gompers that focused on skilled workers and practical workplace improvements.
- 38. A situation in which one company gains complete or near-complete control of an industry, limiting competition.
- 39. Founder of Standard Oil who used horizontal integration to dominate the oil industry.
- 40. A journalist who exposed corruption, dangerous working conditions, and social problems.
- 41. A business owned by shareholders that allows companies to raise large amounts of capital for expansion.
- 43. A production method in which workers perform specific tasks as products move through a factory, increasing efficiency.
- 44. The belief that competition and success in society were natural and justified economic inequality.
- 45. An economic system based on private ownership, competition, and the pursuit of profit.
- 46. The oil company founded by Rockefeller that became one of the largest monopolies in American history.