1.7 - Comparing State Formation in Era 1

2. – Persistence of long-standing practices, such as patriarchy or religious authority in governance.
5. – Pastoral peoples like the Mongols whose conquests reshaped political structures.
9. – Administrative system that centralized states used to govern large territories.
10. – Rise of political units in regions once controlled by earlier empires, like the Delhi Sultanate.
11. – Reestablishment of earlier political traditions, such as the Byzantine Empire’s continuity with Rome.
13. – Growth of states into larger territories or influence, often through conquest or trade.
15. – Form of political authority where power is concentrated under one ruler or government.
16. – Male-dominated authority system that persisted in political and social structures.
17. – Organized political structure with authority over a defined territory.
18. – Islamic form of state leadership that continued under successors to Muhammad.
19. – Economic activity that supported state wealth and growth, especially along the Silk Roads or Indian Ocean.
20. – Breakup of larger states into smaller competing polities, as in post-classical Europe.

1. – Blending of cultural or religious practices in governance, like Neo-Confucianism.
3. – Political power based on sea trade networks, such as Srivijaya or Venice.
4. – Process of weakening or collapse experienced by empires such as the Abbasids or Byzantines.
6. – Diplomatic arrangement where surrounding states recognized Chinese authority in exchange for trade benefits.
7. – Source of political legitimacy, as seen with Christian monarchs or Muslim rulers.
8. – Political system with power distributed among local rulers, such as in feudal Europe.
12. – New political or military practices that helped rulers strengthen their states.
14. – Independent political unit, common in places like the Swahili Coast or Italian peninsula.