T1 Biology Vocabulary

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Across
  1. 3. a step in cellular respiration that is located in the inner membrane of the mitochondria and only occurs when there is oxygen involved
  2. 6. type of inhibitor than binds to the allosteric site of an enzyme and alters the active site
  3. 9. a colorless fluid located in the chloroplast, surrounding the granum
  4. 10. process which releases energy from food or glucose using oxygen
  5. 11. molecule that absorbs light energy; chlorophyll in plants is considered this type of molecule
  6. 12. type of fermentations animals, humans and other bacteria use to help produce ATP; this process can make you sore after working out
  7. 13. type of fermentation yeasts use to make energy for the cell and the process causes bread dough to rise because of the production of carbon dioxide
  8. 16. the amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction
  9. 18. located in the mitochondria that contains the ETC and ATP synthase which produces ATP during cellular respiration
  10. 20. the area of the mitochondria where protons are accumulated; located between the outer membrane and mitochondrial inner membrane
  11. 22. reactions that involve the use of oxygen
  12. 27. the study of energy in the environment and the plants and animals that use energy
  13. 30. organisms that can produce their own food using the sun's energy (sunlight)
  14. 31. a type of carbohydrate and sugar that plants and animals need to start cell processes and cellular respiration
  15. 37. the light-collecting units of photosynthesis
  16. 39. organic molecules that bind to the active site of an enzyme to help catalyze reactions
  17. 42. type of inhibitor chemical that resembles the enzyme's normal substrate, and the inhibitor will compete with the substrate for the active site
  18. 44. a process where electron carriers accept two high energy electrons and carry them to another molecule, along with most of their energy; the electrons will lose some energy in the process
  19. 46. the series of enzymes that are used to get a final product that is specific
  20. 47. sac of membrane located in chloroplasts; photosynthesis takes place in the membrane of this sac
  21. 48. the sum of all chemical reactions and activities inside a living organism
  22. 49. stacks of thylakoids that are embedded in the stroma of a chloroplast
  23. 50. a step in cellular respiration in which a molecule of glucose is broken in half into 2 pyruvic acids
  24. 52. substances that are worked on by enzymes; they must fit on the active site of enzymes so that reactants can be brought together for reaction to reduce the energy needed for a chemical reaction to start
  25. 53. reactions that do not involve the use of oxygen
Down
  1. 1. one of the two parts of photosynthesis reactions that take place within thylakoid membranes and produce oxygen by splitting water
  2. 2. this happens when the enzyme has made too many products, and some of the products act as a noncompetitive inhibitor and attach to the allosteric site of an enzyme; this function helps the enzyme not waste energy and materials
  3. 4. the form of an enzyme that happens during the tiny period of time when the enzyme is joined to its substrates
  4. 5. a change in the shape of an enzyme's active site that is temporary; this happens so that the enzyme can bind to the substrate (induced by the substrate)
  5. 7. an organelle in plant and animal cells (eukaryotes) that cellular respiration takes place in
  6. 8. a metabolic reaction that consumes energy to build more complex molecules from more simple compounds; photosynthesis is an example of a reaction in the anabolic pathways
  7. 14. a step in cellular respiration that occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and only occurs if oxygen is present; this process includes the product of carbon dioxide
  8. 15. reactions involving a net release of free energy; it is also called exothermic reactions and releases energy spontaneously
  9. 17. pigment found in plants that make up the plants green color and is found in the thylakoid of chloroplasts
  10. 19. an enzyme located in the thylakoid membrane that allows hydrogen ions or protons to flow back out of the thylakoid
  11. 21. a non-protein chemical compound or ion made of metals (metallic ion) that help the enzyme catalyze reactions with certain substrates
  12. 23. organisms that can not use the sun's energy as food so has to consume food to survive
  13. 24. reactions involving a net consumption of or absorption of free energy; it is also called endothermic reactions and need a source of energy to occur
  14. 25. to increase the temperature or pH above or below photosynthesis enzymes' preferred temperature or pH; this can slow or stop photosynthesis from happening
  15. 26. one of the two parts of photosynthesis also called dark reactions or Calvin cycle; takes place in the stroma of the chloroplast and produces glucose using carbon dioxide
  16. 28. a condition where there are high concentrations of hydrogen ions inside and low hydrogen ions on the outside, which means that there is an positively charged inside and a negatively charged outside
  17. 29. a metabolic reaction that produces energy by breaking down complex molecules and compounds into simpler ones; cellular respiration is an example of a reaction is catabolic pathways
  18. 32. a molecule losing an electron that makes it more positive
  19. 33. area located within the mitochondria that have the right enzymes and suitable pH levels for the Krebs cycle to take place in
  20. 34. the membrane located in the chloroplast where light-independent reactions happen
  21. 35. a unit of measurement of light energy and is the energy that autotrophs absorb; also called a packet of light energy
  22. 36. a molecule gaining an electron that makes it more negative
  23. 38. catalysts that speed up chemical reactions that take place in a cell
  24. 40. molecules that bind with electrons and pass them from one molecule to another
  25. 41. when the hydrolysis and dehydration is coupled in ATP by transferring a phosphate group of one ATP to another molecule
  26. 43. process that helps cells make energy when no oxygen is present after glycolysis; the process is anaerobic; converts NADH back to NAD+ by giving away high energy electrons
  27. 45. substances that can speed up a chemical reaction; if catalysts are used, then the amount of energy needed to start the chemical reaction will decrease
  28. 51. modified nucleotide that stores energy and is used by many processes in the cell