Middle Ages and Renaissance

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Across
  1. 3. Church tax; usually one-tenth of a peasant family’s income
  2. 6. Non-religious
  3. 8. person receiving a fief from a lord
  4. 10. Leader of the Roman Catholic Church who asked European Christians to fight Muslims in exchange for the forgiveness of their sins; he began the Crusades
  5. 11. The common name for a major outbreak of plague that spread across Asia, North Africa, and Europe in the 1300s that killed 30-60% of Europeans
  6. 12. A Renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements
  7. 15. Invented the printing press in the 1400s
  8. 17. A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king
Down
  1. 1. lord’s estate
  2. 2. The everyday language of people in a region or country
  3. 4. A series of 5 holy wars declared by the Catholic Pope in which Crusaders fought to take back the Holy Land from the Muslims
  4. 5. Economic system during the Middle Ages that revolved around self-sufficient farming estates where lords and peasants shared the land
  5. 7. landowner
  6. 9. 800 CE crowned by the Pope as the head of the Holy Roman Empire
  7. 13. warrior on horseback who promised to defend his lord’s land
  8. 14. peasant who worked the land of a lord and could not lawfully leave it
  9. 16. land granted by a lord to a vassal