Bio 132 Ch. 15 SG

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Across
  1. 3. Bowling, walking (fast pace), line dancing, and doing yoga ((2-3 days/week) (upper middle tier)).
  2. 10. activity movement resulting from the contraction of skeletal muscles and can be categorized into occupational, sports, conditioning, household, or other activities.
  3. 11. These are three amino acids with a unique branched side chain. They include leucine, isoleucine, and valine / These are preferentially utilized by muscle cells for energy / They have been shown in studies to help with delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS), sparing muscle glycogen, and decreasing protein degradation.
  4. 14. a nutrient-dense type of protein found in milk.
  5. 15. Bicep curls, tricep presses, squats, lunges, push ups ((2-3 days/week, 8-10 exercises 1 set of 8-12 reps) (lower middle tier 3 / 3)).
  6. 18. This system utilizes phosphocreatine (PCr) to transfer a high-energy phosphate to ADP. So, it helps to reform ATP / This system functions under anaerobic conditions. Muscle cells metabolize glucose under anaerobic conditions / Muscle cells do not make or store much PCr / Creatine phosphate can be obtained from two sources: ingestion of meat and internal production by the liver and kidneys / This system provides energy for short bouts (~10 seconds) of high-intensity activity.
  7. 19. This system kicks in after PCr-ATP system cannot keep up / This functions under anaerobic conditions / Muscle cells metabolize glucose to pyruvate and then convert pyruvate to lactic acid acid / Using their glycogen stores in the muscle first, then utilizing the stores in the liver / The system provides a small amount of ATP / Enough to sustain vigorous activity for up to 180 seconds / Fatigue will start to occur after this time.
  8. 20. Heat-related illness that can occur after intense exercise and is characterized by weakness or dizziness, dark urine, headaches / Move victim to cool, shady spot, lie on back with legs slightly elevated above chest level and cool the person; monitor as well.
  9. 21. refers to the amount of time spent in an exercise session.
  10. 23. subset of physical activity that is planned, structured, and repetitive (has a final or intermediate objective (purpose) the improvement or maintenance of physical fitness).
  11. 26. the maximal oxygen uptake. This is the measure of max oxygen consumed during physical activity.
  12. 28. breathing hard and fast, and your heart rate has gone up quite a bit (Examples: jogging or running swimming laps, riding a bike fast or on hills, playing singles tennis, playing basketball).
  13. 29. includes movement & takes the muscle through a full range of motion.
  14. 30. These are physical activities, that increase the ability of a joint to move through it’s range of motion.
  15. 31. Gardening, raking leaves, mowing the lawn, walking the dog, cleaning the house, playing with your children ((Most days of the week, accumulate 30+ minutes) (bottom tier)).
Down
  1. 1. These are physical activities, such as pull-ups, that develop muscle strength and muscle endurance.
  2. 2. the ability of the heart and lungs to deliver oxygen to muscles and will determine the capacity for intense aerobic physical activity.
  3. 4. Running, cycling, in-line skating, stair stepping ((3-5 days/week, for a total of 150 minutes) (lower middle tier 1 / 3)).
  4. 5. working hard enough to raise your heart rate and break a sweat (Examples: walking fast, doing water aerobics, riding a bike on level ground or with few hills, playing doubles tennis, pushing a lawn mower).
  5. 6. Most dangerous form of heat-related illness / Potentially fatal condition characterized by body temperatures greater than 104°F, lack of sweating, rapid shallow breathing, confusion / Move to a cool environment and call 911 immediately.
  6. 7. maintains muscle in a stretched position for a certain period of time.
  7. 8. the term used to refer to the inherited physical characteristic that can affect athletic performance (Body size, shape, composition).
  8. 9. Continuous types of physical activity would not be possible if skeletal muscles depending only on the anaerobic energy systems / This system utilizes the mitochondria (POWER HOUSE OF THE CELL) to make enough ATP to maintain the activity at the level the individual wants / To increase one’s anaerobic activity, engage in an endurance training program that gradually increases the intensity level of activities / When muscle cells have plenty of oxygen available and sufficient time, they can metabolize glucose completely / This enables cells to produce about 18x more ATP energy than the amount produced by anaerobic systems / This system lasts anywhere from 2 minutes to 3 hours or more
  9. 12. Sitting, driving, watching TV, using a computer, texting, or playing video games (top of pyramid).
  10. 13. Involuntary and painful muscle contractions occurring during or after exercise / Cause is unclear, treat with rest and replace electrolytes lost.
  11. 16. Static stretching of major muscle groups. Holding each stretch for 10-30 seconds ((2-3 days/week) (lower middle tier 2 / 3)).
  12. 17. the number of times the activity is performed weekly.
  13. 22. how the duration frequency, and intensity increase over time.
  14. 24. These are physical activities that involve sustained, rhythmic contractions of large muscle groups.
  15. 25. a set of attributes that are either health - or skill - related & the ability to perform moderate - to vigorous - intensity activities without becoming excessively fatigued.
  16. 27. refers to the type of exercise performed (Walk, brisk walk, run, biking, swimming).