AP Psych Unit 3

1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253545556575859
Across
  1. 1. Hearing loss caused by something that stops sounds from getting through the outer or middle ear.
  2. 3. the theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green, yellow-blue, white-black) enable color vision. For example, some cells are stimulated by green and inhibited by red; others are stimulated by red and inhibited by green
  3. 7. he physiological process by which neural substrates are activated by physical stimuli resulting in the perception of what we describe as touch, pressure, pain, etc.
  4. 10. a theory predicting how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus (signal) amid background stimulation (noise).
  5. 15. perception of a stimulus below the threshold for conscious perception
  6. 17. the light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information
  7. 20. A mental predisposition to perceive or notice some aspects of the available sensory data and ignore others; influences nearly everything we perceive;related to "top-down processing"
  8. 23. the system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts.
  9. 24. The transparent, protective outer layer of the eye that bends light waves to assist in proper focus
  10. 26. A type of inattentional blindness; the inability to see changes in our environment when our attention is directed elsewhere
  11. 29. monitors the position of the head relative to the vertical.
  12. 32. Failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere
  13. 35. Describes how the context in which a stimulus occurs can contribute to how people perceive that stimulus, used in marketing/advertising
  14. 38. depth cues, such as interposition and linear perspective, available to either eye alone
  15. 40. the adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters
  16. 42. The ability to focus your hearing on one specific thing even though noise is all around you.
  17. 43. sensors that are located in the skin, joints, muscles, and tendons for kinesthesis.
  18. 44. the fleshy outside part of the ear
  19. 47. the experience that we describe with color name labels such as red or blue
  20. 49. Processing information processing guided by higher-level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations
  21. 50. the minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50 percent of the time
  22. 51. the way a thing has been “placed,” or “put together.”
  23. 53. states that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thusenabling us to sense its pitch.
  24. 54. a term developed by psychologist Jean Piaget to describe what occurs when new information or experiences cause you to modify your existing schemas.
  25. 55. retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray; necessary for peripheral and twilight vision, when cones don't respond
  26. 56. processing analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brain's integration of sensory information
  27. 57. retinal receptor cells that are concentrated near the center of the retina and that function in daylight or in well-lit conditions.
  28. 58. the principle that, to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage
  29. 59. the theory that the retina contains three different color receptors—one most sensitive to red, one to green, one to blue—which, when stimulated in combination, can produce the perception of any color.
Down
  1. 2. diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation
  2. 4. the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 percent of the time
  3. 5. the tendency to perceive objects, or figures, as existing on a background
  4. 6. nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features of the stimulus, such as shape, angle, or movement
  5. 8. the sense of smell. *Remember: an old factory smells bad.
  6. 9. to convert a stimulus (such as light, or sound, or the position of the body) into an electrical signal in the nervous system.
  7. 10. Involves one sense affecting another.
  8. 11. the spiral cavity of the inner ear containing the organ of Corti, which produces nerve impulses in response to sound vibrations.
  9. 12. the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment
  10. 13. a ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening
  11. 14. the sense or act of hearing
  12. 16. the sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance
  13. 18. three tiny, fluid-filled tubes in the inner ear that help you keep your balance
  14. 19. the transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina
  15. 21. Mental filters or maps that organize our information about the world, Can bias the way new information is interpreted, stored, and recalled
  16. 22. perceiving objects as unchanging even as illumination and retinal images change
  17. 25. the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events
  18. 27. Each eye sees a slightly different image because they are about 6 cm apart (on average). Your brain puts the two images it receives together into a single three-dimensional image.
  19. 28. cues that depend on having 2 eyes; result from our anatomy-we see the world w/ 2 eyes set a certain distance apart, & this feaure of our anatomy gives us the ability to perceive depth
  20. 30. happens after inner ear damage.
  21. 31. the theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological "gate" that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain
  22. 33. The process of directing our awareness to relevant stimuli while ignoring irrelevant stimuli in the environment
  23. 34. A membrane inside the cochlea which vibrates in response to sound and whose vibrations lead to activity in the auditory pathways.
  24. 36. the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea's membrane is stimulated
  25. 37. the sense of taste. There are 5 basic tastes: sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami (taste of meat; savory).
  26. 39. the nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain
  27. 41. the ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two-dimensional; allows us to judge distance
  28. 45. the wave's height. It is measured from the peak of the wave to the trough of the wave.
  29. 46. an auditory-visual illusion that illustrates how perceivers merge information for speech sounds across the senses
  30. 48. the distance from the peak of one light or sound wave to the next peak.
  31. 52. The tight membrane that vibrates when sound waves hit it.