Biopsychology Research Methods: Non-inasive & Invasive Techniques

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Across
  1. 1. This x-ray uses a series of x-ray images taken from different angles around the body and processed by a computer to create cross-sectional images (slices) of the bones, blood vessels, and soft tissues. While it involves radiation exposure, it is considered non-invasive as it doesn't require insertion of instruments into the body.
  2. 3. The signals are recorded through large implanted electrodes rather than through scalp electrodes.
  3. 5. This was the first brain-imaging technique to provide images of brain activity (functional brain images) rather than images of brain structure (structural brain images).
  4. 12. This is a method of identifying those pathways along which water molecules rapidly diffuse.
  5. 14. This utilizes a strong magnetic field and radio waves to generate detailed images of the body's internal structures, such as organs, tissues, and bones.
  6. 15. This involves inducing damage or disruption in a particular area or structure on both sides of the body or brain.
  7. 16. A technique for monitoring the levels of specific neurochemicals outside of neurons in live animals. Unlike many other methods, which involve sacrificing animals to extract tissue for analysis, this approach allows for measurements to be taken while the animals are still alive and behaving.
  8. 17. This involves the removal of tissue from a specific area of the body, typically using a needle or other instrument to extract cells or fluid.
  9. 19. It uses MRI technology to measure and map brain activity by detecting changes in blood flow. This is possible because of two attributes of oxygenated blood.
  10. 20. This technique involves placing an electrode near or within neural tissue to detect the electrical activity of multiple neurons simultaneously. While the electrode does not penetrate the cell membrane, it is inserted into the tissue, making it an invasive procedure.
Down
  1. 2. This procedure requires inserting a radiofrequency electrode into the body, often guided by imaging techniques such as fluoroscopy or ultrasound, and delivering controlled heat to the targeted area.
  2. 4. It involves using a magnetic coil placed near the scalp to generate magnetic fields that can stimulate nerve cells in specific regions of the brain.
  3. 6. It involves the insertion of a device called a stereotaxic frame into the skull of an animal or human to precisely target specific areas of the brain for experimental purposes or surgical interventions.
  4. 7. Used to measure electrical activity in the brain. It involves placing electrodes on the scalp to detect and record the electrical signals produced by neurons in the brain.
  5. 8. This x-ray uses the infusion of a radio-opaque dye into a cerebral artery to visualize the cerebral circulatory system during x-ray photography.
  6. 9. It involves inserting an electrode or array of electrodes into neural tissue to detect the electrical activity of multiple neurons simultaneously.
  7. 10. This approach is employed to halt nerve or tract conduction. A precise, minute incision can effectively achieve this objective without causing significant harm to neighboring tissue.
  8. 11. Another technique used to monitor brain activity from the scalp of human subjects. Measures changes in magnetic fields on the surface of the scalp that are produced by changes in underlying patterns of neural activity.
  9. 13. It involves inserting a microelectrode directly into a single neuron to record its electrical activity. This procedure requires puncturing the cell membrane, which is an invasive process.
  10. 18. This is the most common type of x-ray imaging. It involves exposing a part of the body to a small dose of ionizing radiation to produce images of the inside of the body.