Middle Ages Crossword Challenge
Across
- 3. Commoners who worked the land and provided the bulk of the labor force in medieval society.
- 4. A person granted land in exchange for allegiance and service to a lord.
- 9. Land granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for loyalty and service.
- 13. Large estates owned by nobles where peasants lived and worked the land.
- 14. Scandinavian seafarers known for their raids and explorations during the medieval period.
- 15. Followers of the Islamic faith, who had significant interactions with Europe during the medieval period.
- 18. Some of the wealthiest and most powerful institutions during this era
- 19. The dominant religion in medieval Europe, shaping both society and culture.
- 20. A decisive battle fought in 732 AD where Frankish forces led by Charles Martel defeated the Muslim Moors, halting their advance into Europe (Battle of "_____").
- 21. Churchmen with authority to perform religious services
Down
- 1. The first king of the Franks to unite all the Frankish tribes under one ruler.
- 2. The symbols on shields and flags that identified individuals, families, kingdoms and even the church.
- 5. Ability to fulfill one's own needs without external assistance, a key characteristic of medieval manors.
- 6. The head of the Roman Catholic Church, holding significant religious and political power during the medieval era.
- 7. Unpaid person training in a craft or trade
- 8. A skilled craftsman who forged metal items, essential for producing weapons and tools in medieval times.
- 9. A social system in medieval Europe where land was exchanged for military protection and other services.
- 10. Many people call the Middle Ages this because of the loss of reading and writing
- 11. A noble warrior trained in combat, often serving a lord.
- 12. Code of honorable conduct for knights
- 13. Devout individuals who lived in monasteries, dedicating their lives to prayer, work, and preserving knowledge.
- 16. A peasant who was bound to the land they worked on and subject to the will of the lord.
- 17. Known as the "Father of Europe," this Frankish king united much of Western Europe during the early Middle Ages.
- 19. Monks _______________ down texts from the classical age, which helped preserve this history