Biology in Industry

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Across
  1. 4. A term describing molecules that interact well with water.
  2. 6. An enzyme that breaks down proteins into amino acids.
  3. 8. A process where two molecules join by removing a water molecule.
  4. 9. A recessive genetic disorder that causes thick mucus to build up in the lungs and digestive system.
  5. 14. A substance that increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed.
  6. 17. The genetic makeup of an organism that determines traits.
  7. 19. When an enzyme loses its shape and function due to extreme conditions.
  8. 20. The region on an enzyme where a substrate binds and a reaction occurs.
  9. 23. Programmed cell death that removes damaged or unnecessary cells.
  10. 24. Molecules that slow down or stop enzyme activity by preventing substrate binding.
  11. 27. A form of inheritance where traits blend together to form an intermediate phenotype.
  12. 29. Large molecules made of amino acids that perform essential functions in the body.
  13. 32. A genetic condition caused by having an extra copy of chromosome 21.
  14. 33. Structures made of DNA that store genetic information in cells.
  15. 34. A term describing molecules that do not mix with water.
  16. 35. A type of protein that speeds up chemical reactions in cells.
  17. 37. A genetic trait that is only expressed when two copies are present.
  18. 39. An enzyme that breaks down starch into simple sugars.
  19. 42. A disorder where red blood cells are abnormally shaped, reducing their ability to carry oxygen.
  20. 44. The chemical links between amino acids in a protein.
  21. 45. A condition where the body lacks an enzyme needed to digest milk sugar.
  22. 46. Having two identical alleles for a specific trait.
  23. 47. An enzyme that breaks down milk sugar into glucose and galactose.
  24. 48. Substances that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms.
Down
  1. 1. A group of three nucleotides in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.
  2. 2. A model explaining how enzymes and substrates fit together perfectly.
  3. 3. The temporary binding of an enzyme and its substrate before the reaction occurs.
  4. 5. When an inhibitor competes with the substrate for the enzyme’s active site.
  5. 7. A factor that influences enzyme activity; too high or too low can affect function.
  6. 10. The cell structure responsible for assembling proteins from mRNA.
  7. 11. The building blocks of DNA, consisting of a sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogen base.
  8. 12. The process of copying a gene from DNA into mRNA.
  9. 13. The physical characteristics of an organism determined by its genes.
  10. 15. When an inhibitor binds to another part of the enzyme, changing its shape.
  11. 16. A change in the DNA sequence that may lead to variations in proteins.
  12. 18. A form of inheritance where both traits are equally expressed.
  13. 21. The molecule that carries genetic instructions for building proteins.
  14. 22. The process where ribosomes assemble amino acids into a protein using mRNA.
  15. 25. A dominant genetic disorder that affects the nervous system and causes loss of movement and memory.
  16. 26. Changes in DNA that occur in egg or sperm cells and can be passed to offspring.
  17. 28. The building blocks of proteins, with 20 different types found in the human body.
  18. 30. A measure of acidity or alkalinity that affects enzyme activity.
  19. 31. Sections of DNA that contain the instructions for making proteins.
  20. 36. A protein that acts as a biological catalyst in chemical reactions.
  21. 38. Different versions of a gene that determine traits.
  22. 40. Having two different alleles for a specific trait.
  23. 41. A genetic trait that is always expressed when at least one copy is present.
  24. 43. A molecule similar to DNA that helps in protein synthesis.