Chapter 1: Introduction to Navigation Crossword

1234567891011121314151617181920212223
Across
  1. 1. Satellite-based system providing real-time global positioning.
  2. 9. Ropes with weights to measure water depth and seabed composition.
  3. 12. powered by satellite technology like GPS for pinpoint accuracy.
  4. 15. Scholars who advanced the astrolabe, quadrant, and cartography during the medieval era.
  5. 16. Radio waves detecting objects’ distance/speed in low visibility.
  6. 17. Innovators who refined celestial navigation and developed the astrolabe for measuring star positions.
  7. 20. Polynesian method using environmental cues (waves, wildlife) to navigate.
  8. 21. Precision tool for measuring star/star angles to find latitude.
  9. 22. signals Wireless communication and positioning aid for ships.
  10. 23. Charts plotting star positions for nighttime navigation.
Down
  1. 2. Pacific navigators who mastered wayfinding, using natural signs (waves, birds, stars) without tools.
  2. 3. Ancient Mediterranean seafarers who pioneered early navigation using stars, land sightings, and lead lines.
  3. 4. compass Needle alignment with Earth’s magnetic field to show direction.
  4. 5. Era when European sailors used magnetic compasses to traverse oceans globally.
  5. 6. Ancient device to calculate celestial altitudes and latitude.
  6. 7. Viking tool using shadows to estimate latitude.
  7. 8. Using stars, sun, or moon to determine direction/location.
  8. 10. Viking crystal (calcite) that locates the sun through polarized light.
  9. 11. The science of mapmaking, critical for plotting routes.
  10. 13. Sailing within visible range of coastlines for orientation.
  11. 14. chronometer Clock enabling accurate longitude calculation at sea.
  12. 18. Norse explorers who navigated with sunstones (for polarized light) and shadow boards (crude sundials).
  13. 19. Simplified astrolabe for measuring star/star angles at sea.