Pediatric Anesthesia: Anatomy and Physiology

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Across
  1. 1. Blood-brain barrier in neonates is this
  2. 10. Closure of the ductus arteriosus occurs due to muscle contraction in response to decreases in this
  3. 11. Important to maintain this when newborn is hypovolemic
  4. 13. C2-C3 represents the anatomical area of this structure in neonates and infants
  5. 20. Fontanelle that closes between 18 months-2 years of age
  6. 21. Approximately 3x greater in neonates and infants when compared to adults (two words, but remove the space in between them)
  7. 22. Dangerous in neonates and infants due to associated drop in cardiac output
  8. 23. Neonates have a limited ability to compensate for hypotension with tachycardia due to this (two words, but remove the space in between them)
  9. 24. Epiglottis in neonates and infants is long and this
  10. 26. Fontanelle that closes around 6 months of age
  11. 28. A cause of elevated PVR and shunt patency
  12. 29. Hypothermia in neonates and infants causes this to occur (regarding blood sugar)
  13. 30. Inversely proportionate to age
Down
  1. 2. This results in immediate increases in SVR and BP at birth (two words, but remove the space in between them)
  2. 3. Can cause retinal artery vasoconstriction and hemorrhage
  3. 4. Fetal circulation results in this type of circulation being bypassed
  4. 5. Increased by 16x in pediatric patients (two words, but remove the space in between them)
  5. 6. Nervous system that is immature at birth
  6. 7. Nervous system that is fully functional at birth
  7. 8. May be impaired in sick newborns regarding cerebral blood flow
  8. 9. Neonatal kidneys have a decreased ability to do this
  9. 12. Narrowest point in the airway in children < 5 years old
  10. 14. O2 affinity of fetal hemoglobin is
  11. 15. Infant larynx appears more _____
  12. 16. Neonate and infant cardiac output are dependent on this (two words, but remove the space in between them)
  13. 17. Primary muscle for ventilation in neonates and infants
  14. 18. Neonates and infants are obligate ____-breathers until 4-6 months of age
  15. 19. Largest factor in causes of decreased cerebral perfusion pressure
  16. 25. Shape of trachea in neonates and infants
  17. 27. Elevated PVR can lead to this