Livestock Domestication Vocab

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Across
  1. 2. – Scientific methods used to improve livestock production, including cloning and genetic modification.
  2. 5. – The belief in the humane treatment of animals and the ethical use of animals for food, research, etc.
  3. 9. – A reproductive technique where a female produces more eggs than normal, often used in embryo transfer.
  4. 11. – A substance (often manure) used to add nutrients to soil for crop production.
  5. 17. – Medicines used for disease control and prevention in livestock.
  6. 18. – Fertilization of an egg outside the body, then implanting it into a female animal.
  7. 19. – The practice of mating animals from different breeds to improve traits like growth rate or feed efficiency.
  8. 20. – An animal with a stomach divided into several compartments; regurgitates and re-chews food (e.g., cattle, sheep).
  9. 21. – The wearing away of soil by wind or water, which conservation practices help prevent.
  10. 23. – Bacteria-based biologicals used in disease prevention.
  11. 25. – The direct manipulation of an organism’s genes, including in livestock, to enhance traits or disease resistance.
  12. 27. – Animal waste that can be used as fertilizer or dried and burned as fuel.
  13. 29. – The belief that animals have inherent rights, with some individuals opposing all use of animals by humans.
  14. 30. – (FAIR) A voluntary program aimed at improving information management and traceability of livestock.
  15. 31. – An animal with a single-chambered stomach; cannot utilize roughage efficiently (e.g., swine, poultry).
  16. 32. – The use of livestock-related practices (like planting grasses/legumes or applying manure) to preserve soil and prevent erosion.
  17. 33. – Systems used to tag or track livestock with unique numbers (e.g., ear tags, electronic collars).
Down
  1. 1. – The introduction of sperm into a female's reproductive tract without natural mating.
  2. 3. – Plant material like hay or straw that animals, especially ruminants, digest; not easily digestible by non-ruminants.
  3. 4. – Traces of medications that may remain in animal products if not properly managed.
  4. 6. – Substances used to counteract toxins in animals, helping prevent or treat disease.
  5. 7. – Animals used for pulling loads or doing work, such as horses used historically for farming.
  6. 8. – To adapt the behavior of an animal to fit the needs of people.
  7. 10. – Substances added to animal feed to control disease, enhance growth, or improve feed efficiency.
  8. 12. – The range of genetic traits in a species; helps animals resist disease and adapt to environmental changes.
  9. 13. – Secondary products from animals that are not meat, such as leather, gelatin, soap, and pharmaceuticals.
  10. 14. – Biological products given to animals to prevent disease.
  11. 15. – Chemicals used to control pests; concern arises when residues remain in animal feed or food.
  12. 16. – Moving fertilized embryos from a donor animal to a surrogate for gestation.
  13. 22. – A process used to kill bacteria and pathogens in food products to improve safety.
  14. 24. – The use of animals like horses for enjoyment, such as riding or livestock shows.
  15. 26. – The presence of harmful bacteria or substances in food that may pose health risks.
  16. 28. – Creating a genetically identical copy of an animal.