Unit 1-2 Exam Crossword

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Across
  1. 2. People born in Spain living in the colonies at the top of society.
  2. 4. Native people of the American Southwest known for adobe houses and farming.
  3. 7. Monotheistic religion based on the teachings of Jesus Christ.
  4. 9. Belief in many gods.
  5. 11. The belief that natural objects like plants, animals, and land have spirits or souls.
  6. 13. 1621 harvest feast shared between Pilgrims and the Wampanoag.
  7. 14. Domination of one group over others, often through cultural or political control.
  8. 17. 1680 Native uprising in New Mexico that drove out the Spanish.
  9. 19. A land connection between Asia and North America that early peoples used to migrate into the Americas.
  10. 22. Large wooden dwellings used by Iroquois and other Northeastern tribes.
  11. 23. Artificial islands used by the Aztecs to farm on lakes and wetlands.
  12. 24. Native people of New England who helped the Pilgrims survive.
  13. 26. The process of settling and controlling lands outside a country’s borders.
  14. 31. Italian explorer who sailed for Spain and reached the Americas in 1492.
  15. 33. Ship that carried the Pilgrims to North America in 1620.
  16. 35. Incan city built high in the Andes, famous for stone architecture.
  17. 41. Large South American empire centered in the Andes Mountains, known for engineering and roads.
  18. 42. Farming on steps cut into mountainsides to make land usable.
  19. 44. Nomadic people of the Great Basin region who hunted, gathered, and traded.
  20. 45. The brutal sea voyage that carried enslaved Africans to the Americas.
  21. 47. Capital city of the Aztec Empire, built on an island in Lake Texcoco.
  22. 48. System Spanish system granting settlers control of land and Native labor.
  23. 51. Spanish system of converting Indigenous people to Christianity through settlements.
  24. 54. Wooden houses built by Pacific Northwest tribes from cedar planks.
  25. 55. Native people of the Pacific Northwest known for fishing and trade.
  26. 56. Cash crop that ensured the survival and success of Jamestown.
  27. 57. System of trading enslaved Africans across the Atlantic to the Americas.
  28. 59. Spanish soldier-explorer who conquered lands in the Americas.
  29. 60. Alliance of five later six Native nations in the Northeast with a shared government.
  30. 61. Spanish document read to Natives demanding conversion or conquest.
  31. 62. Largest Mississippian city with large earthen mounds.
  32. 63. Spanish priest who opposed the mistreatment of Natives.
  33. 64. A ruler with total power over government and people.
Down
  1. 1. Rock carvings made by prehistoric peoples.
  2. 3. The transfer of plants, animals, people, and diseases between the Old World and the New World.
  3. 5. People of mixed European and Native ancestry.
  4. 6. Early mound-building culture in the Ohio River Valley.
  5. 8. The “lost colony” of early English settlers in North Carolina.
  6. 10. agriculture Farming method where vegetation is cut and burned to clear land and enrich soil.
  7. 12. Corn; the most important crop for many Native American civilizations.
  8. 15. Powerful Mesoamerican empire in central Mexico, known for warfare, tribute, and human sacrifice.
  9. 16. Spanish conquistador who conquered the Incan Empire.
  10. 18. Mesoamerican civilization known for advanced math, writing, astronomy, and city-states.
  11. 20. Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztec Empire.
  12. 21. Spanish laws that organized colonial society and treatment of Natives.
  13. 25. Belief in only one god.
  14. 27. Colony founded in 1620 by Pilgrims in present-day Massachusetts.
  15. 28. French colonies in North America, centered on trade and alliances.
  16. 29. Capital city of the Incan Empire.
  17. 30. Rigid social hierarchy in Spanish America based on race and birthplace.
  18. 32. People who get food by hunting animals and gathering wild plants.
  19. 34. Exchange of animal furs, especially beaver, between French colonists and Native tribes.
  20. 36. People of Spanish descent born in the Americas.
  21. 37. Deadly disease from Europe that devastated Native populations in the Americas.
  22. 38. Moving from place to place without permanent homes.
  23. 39. 1701 treaty between France and 39 Native nations for peace and alliances.
  24. 40. Staying in one place and building permanent settlements.
  25. 43. The Spanish effort to drive Muslims out of Iberia, completed in 1492.
  26. 46. Spanish governing body that oversaw colonies in the Americas.
  27. 49. Spanish settlers who controlled land and labor under the encomienda system.
  28. 50. The first permanent English settlement in North America, founded in 1607.
  29. 52. Native people of coastal California who lived in villages and traded widely.
  30. 53. A society where people are equal and share resources fairly.
  31. 58. Sun-dried clay brick used for building in the Southwest.