Cytokines NEW

1. This phenomenon describes the enhanced biological effect when multiple cytokines work together, exceeding their individual effects, like TNF-α and IL-1 cooperatively amplifying inflammation.
3. This cytokine specifically activates and recruits eosinophils, playing a crucial role in allergic reactions and defense against helminthic infections.
5. This cytokine Drives naive T cells toward Th1 differentiation and activates NK cells, promoting cell-mediated immunity against intracellular pathogens.
7. This cytokine Promotes Th2 cell differentiation and B cell class switching to IgE production, driving allergic and anti-parasitic responses.
8. This refers to the ability of a single cytokine to exert multiple different biological effects on various cell types, such as IL-6 affecting both immune cells and hepatocytes.
11. THis cytokine provides broad antiviral immunity by inducing antiviral proteins in cells and enhancing NK cell and CD8+ T cell responses against viral infections.
12. This cytokine drives acute-phase protein production in the liver during systemic inflammation.

2. This cytokine Initiates local inflammatory responses by activating endothelial cells and recruiting immune cells to sites of infection or injury; also acts as an endogenous pyrogen.
3. Functions as a potent neutrophil chemoattractant, directing these cells to sites of inflammation and promoting their activatio
4. This cytokine Promotes acute inflammation, activates neutrophils and macrophages, and induces fever and acute-phase protein synthesis
6. This cytokine romotes T cell and NK cell proliferation and activation, enhancing anti-tumor immune responses in immunotherapy protocols.
9. This cytokine Activates macrophages for enhanced microbicidal activity and upregulates MHC class I and II expression to improve antigen presentation.
10. This phenomenon refers to when cytokines have opposing effects, such as IL-4 (Th2-promoting) countering IFN-γ (Th1-promoting) responses.