NS crossword puzzle 2

4. The basic functional unit of the nervous system that receives, processes, and transmits information through electrical and chemical signals.
5. A group of interconnected structures (including the hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus) involved in emotion, motivation, and memory.
7. The junction between two neurons where neurotransmitters transmit chemical signals.
8. The largest part of the brain, responsible for higher cognitive functions such as perception, reasoning, planning, and language.
10. The electrical charge difference across the neuronal membrane (typically −70 mV) when the neuron is not transmitting a signal.
12. Specialized protein molecules on postsynaptic membranes that bind neurotransmitters and initiate a response in the receiving neuron or cell.
14. Chemical messengers released from presynaptic neurons to activate receptors on postsynaptic cells.
15. Protein pores in the neuronal membrane that open or close to allow specific ions to pass, regulating the neuron’s electrical state.

1. A rapid, temporary reversal of the membrane potential that travels along the axon when a neuron is activated.
2. The structure connecting the brain to the spinal cord; regulates vital life functions such as breathing, heart rate, and arousal.
3. A postsynaptic response that decreases the likelihood of an action potential by hyperpolarizing the membrane.
6. A brain structure at the back of the skull involved in coordination, balance, posture, and fine motor control.
9. The process during which the neuron’s membrane potential becomes less negative (Na⁺ ions flow inside), initiating an action potential.
11. A postsynaptic response that increases the likelihood of an action potential by depolarizing the membrane.
13. Charged particles such as Na⁺, K⁺, Cl⁻, and Ca²⁺ whose differential distribution inside and outside the neuron generates electrical activity.