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Across
  1. 2. Which atom or molecule has a net negative charge because it has gained one or more electrons?
  2. 4. What is the number of protons in an atom’s nucleus, which identifies the element?
  3. 5. What is the charge of a cation; an ion that has lost electrons?
  4. 7. What describes a molecule with an even sharing of electrons and no overall charge?
  5. 9. What is a measure of an atom’s ability to attract a shared pair of electrons in a bond?
  6. 10. What type of substance tastes sour, has a \text{pH} below 7, and donates hydrogen ions (\text{H}^+) in water?
  7. 12. What type of bond is formed by the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions?
  8. 14. In a biological system, what specific function does an enzyme perform, and which part of the enzyme is responsible for this function?
  9. 15. What term describes the loss of electrons by a substance during a chemical reaction (often paired with "reduction"?
  10. 18. What is the minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction, often viewed as the energy barrier reactants must overcome?
  11. 20. What is the one- or two-letter abbreviation used to represent an element?
  12. 21. What defines a system that is in dynamic equilibrium, and what must be true about the forward and reverse reaction rates?
  13. 23. State the Second Law of Thermodynamics and explain its relationship to entropy in the universe.
  14. 27. Which subatomic particle has a positive charge and determines the element's atomic number?
  15. 28. What are the characteristic products of an acid-base neutralization reaction?
  16. 29. What type of energy is associated with motion?
  17. 30. Give a common example of a substance that undergoes sublimation at standard atmospheric pressure, and explain the phase change.
Down
  1. 1. What is the approximate mass of an atom, equal to the sum of protons and neutrons?
  2. 3. Why does condensation occur when moist air is cooled below its dew point?
  3. 6. Which thermodynamic property, symbolized as \Delta H, represents the heat energy absorbed or released by a system at constant pressure?
  4. 8. How does the introduction of a catalyst affect the reaction coordinate diagram and the overall rate of a chemical reaction?
  5. 11. How does the process of deposition differ from condensation in terms of the initial and final states of matter?
  6. 13. Which atom or molecule has a net positive charge because it has lost one or more electrons?
  7. 16. Write a balanced general chemical equation for a complete combustion reaction involving a hydrocarbon.
  8. 17. What type of substance tastes bitter, feels slippery, has a \text{pH} above 7, and accepts hydrogen ions (\text{H}^+) or donates \text{OH}^- ions?
  9. 19. Which subatomic particle orbits the nucleus, has a negative charge, and is responsible for all chemical bonding?
  10. 22. What is the charge of an anion; an ion that has gained electrons?
  11. 24. What describes a molecule with an uneven sharing of electrons, creating a dipole?
  12. 25. Which neutral subatomic particle, when added or removed, creates an isotope of an element?
  13. 26. What is the result of a precipitation reaction, and how can one predict whether a precipitate will form when two solutions are mixed?