Ottoman Empire

6. The Ottoman ruler known as both “the Lawgiver” and “the Magnificent.”
7. A system Suleyman reformed to make government fairer and more efficient.
10. A new military technology that helped the Ottomans defeat heavily fortified cities.
12. An Ottoman sultan who captured Mecca, Medina, and Cairo.
14. The important Byzantine capital city captured by the Ottomans in 1453.
16. The Ottoman ruler whose title means “one with power.”
18. The region in modern-day Turkey where the Ottoman Empire began.
20. The Ottoman leader known as “the Conqueror” for capturing Constantinople.
21. A European city whose conquest caused fear among European rulers.

1. The strategic strait that connects the Black Sea to the Mediterranean Sea.
2. A powerful empire that expanded through military conquest and effective government.
3. An elite Ottoman fighting force made up of soldiers trained through the devshirme system.
4. A religious community in the Ottoman Empire allowed to govern its own affairs.
5. A sacred Islamic city that increased Ottoman religious authority.
8. A North African city taken by the Ottomans to strengthen naval power.
9. One of the holiest cities in Islam captured by the Ottomans.
11. Founder of the Ottoman state who built a small Muslim empire in Anatolia.
13. A system in which Christian boys were taken and trained for government or military service.
15. The new name given to Constantinople after it became an Ottoman city.
17. An island captured by the Ottomans that helped them control the eastern Mediterranean.
19. A major center of Islamic learning taken by the Ottoman Empire.