Trauma

5. focuses on emotional regulation and interpersonal skills development.
9. In this stage victims begin to put things into perspective and return to normal activities.
10. Confronting the threat aggressively (e.g., yelling, defending).
11. Known as the “false recovery” stage
12. Accidents, sudden loss, natural disasters, severe injury, assault.
14. Fatigue, sleep problems (insomnia, nightmares), chronic pain, stomach issues, hyperarousal (feeling constantly on guard).
15. Intrusive thoughts/dreams, avoidance of reminders, difficulty concentrating, "foreshortened future" (hopelessness).
16. A psychological and physiological response to an event or series of events that feels life-threatening or deeply disturbing, overwhelming your ability to cope.

1. Strong social bonds, community, and feeling heard are crucial.
2. Fear, anxiety, guilt, shame, numbness, helplessness, anger.
3. Denial is a big indicator of this stage, as the victim's first reaction may be a defensive one in which they try to disassociate from what has happened and avoid the painful emotions.
4. Escaping or running away from the danger (e.g., physically leaving).
6. The amygdala (brain's alarm system) senses danger.
7. Adrenaline and cortisol are released, preparing the body for action.
8. Witnessing trauma, or learning about trauma to a loved one.
10. Becoming temporarily unable to move, like playing dead or going numb, a stalling tactic to assess the situation.
13. Trying to please or appease the threat to de-escalate or prevent harm, often seen in ongoing abuse
15. aims to change irrational thought patterns through cognitive restructuring techniques.