Earth Science CW 1

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Across
  1. 1. the rule that a fault or intrusion is younger than the rock it cuts through
  2. 4. an opening in Earth’s crust where magma, ash, and gases can escape
  3. 6. the process in which new ocean crust forms at a mid-ocean ridge
  4. 8. the layers of rock, fossils, and other evidence that show Earth’s history
  5. 11. melted rock beneath Earth’s surface
  6. 15. a place where magma rises through a plate and can form volcanoes away from boundaries
  7. 20. a valley formed when land pulls apart at a divergent boundary
  8. 21. a large ocean wave caused by undersea plate movement or earthquakes
  9. 22. a sudden shaking of Earth caused by movement of tectonic plates or faults
  10. 27. the shape and elevation features of Earth’s surface
  11. 28. the age of a rock or fossil compared with another, not the exact age
  12. 31. a plate boundary where two plates move apart
  13. 34. a geologic process that wears away or breaks down Earth’s surface
  14. 35. a plate boundary where two plates slide past each other
  15. 37. a fossil used to match rock layers because it is widespread but found in only one time period
  16. 38. a break in Earth’s crust where movement has occurred
  17. 39. the circular movement of heated material that helps move tectonic plates
  18. 40. Earth’s thin outer solid layer
  19. 41. a deep valley in the ocean floor usually formed at a convergent boundary
  20. 42. the rigid outer layer made of the crust and uppermost mantle
  21. 43. the liquid layer of Earth that surrounds the inner core
Down
  1. 2. the rule that in undisturbed rock layers, the oldest layer is on the bottom
  2. 3. preserved remains or evidence of an organism from the past
  3. 5. the process in which denser materials sink and lighter materials rise, forming layers
  4. 7. a wave of energy that travels through Earth and helps scientists study Earth’s interior
  5. 9. the idea that geologic processes happening now also happened in the past
  6. 10. the idea that continents were once joined and slowly moved apart over time
  7. 12. the breakdown of rock into smaller pieces at Earth’s surface
  8. 13. the process in which sediment is dropped and builds up in a new place
  9. 14. how much mass is packed into a certain amount of space
  10. 16. the soft, flowing layer of the upper mantle where convection currents move
  11. 17. a large moving mass of ice that shapes Earth’s surface
  12. 18. magnetic evidence in rocks that supports seafloor spreading and plate tectonics
  13. 19. the actual age of a rock or fossil, often determined by radiometric dating
  14. 23. the thick middle layer of Earth between the crust and core
  15. 24. a depositional landform formed where a river slows and drops sediment
  16. 25. a plate boundary where two plates move toward each other
  17. 26. the center layer of Earth made of the outer core and inner core
  18. 29. a geologic process that builds up Earth’s surface, such as deposition
  19. 30. the movement of weathered rock and sediment from one place to another
  20. 32. the solid innermost layer of Earth
  21. 33. the theory that Earth’s lithosphere is broken into plates that move
  22. 36. an underwater mountain chain formed at a divergent boundary