Biology EOC Review

3. A specialized protein that acts as a catalyst to speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.
4. The process where ribosomes use the mRNA sequence to build a specific protein.
9. the change in the heritable characteristics or genetic makeup (allele frequencies) of a population over successive generations
12. Cell division resulting in two identical daughter cells, used for growth and tissue repair.
13. A complex cell containing a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, such as plant and animal cells.
15. The maximum number of individuals of a specific species that an ecosystem can sustainably support.
16. The movement of molecules against a concentration gradient, which requires the use of energy (ATP).
18. The process of maintaining a stable internal environment despite external changes.
19. A specialized type of cell division that produces four non-identical gametes (sperm and egg cells).
20. The process of copying a segment of DNA into mRNA within the nucleus.

1. The building block of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), consisting of a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base.
2. The physical appearance or visible traits of an organism resulting from its genotype.
5. Factor A non-living part of an ecosystem, such as temperature, sunlight, or water.
6. An organelle found in plant cells that is the site of photosynthesis.
7. The genetic makeup of an organism, represented by allele combinations (e.g., Bb).
8. The movement of substances across a cell membrane (like osmosis or diffusion) without the use of energy.
10. The mechanism of evolution where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.
11. The organelle where aerobic cellular respiration occurs to produce energy in the form of ATP.
14. A simple, unicellular organism (like bacteria) that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
17. Factor A living or once-living part of an ecosystem, including plants, animals, and bacteria.