Texas History

Across

1. Using ships to block a port so that goods and supplies cannot get in or out.
3. The period after the Civil War when the South was rebuilt and brought back into the Union.
6. A large area of unfenced land where cattle could graze freely.
8. To make something in large amounts using machines in a factory.
11. A formal meeting where people gather to make important decisions or rules.
16. The power of a governor or president to reject a law passed by the legislature.
17. Imaginary lines that run north and south to measure distance east or west of the Prime Meridian.
19. A group of businesses that produce similar goods or services, like the oil or cattle industry.
20. A cowboy who rode along the borders of a ranch to make sure cattle didn't wander off.
22. A permanent mark burned into a cow’s hide with a hot iron to show who owns it.
23. The way a state or country manages its money, jobs, and products.
26. Half of the Earth (usually Northern, Southern, Eastern, or Western).
27. A freedom that is protected by the government, like the right to vote.
30. The official state song of Texas.
32. An area of land that has similar features, such as the Coastal Plains or the Great Plains.
35. What the air is like outside at a specific time (e.g., hot, rainy, windy).
36. The plants and trees that grow in a particular area.
38. Money that is owed to someone else.
42. A portable, cone-shaped tent made of poles and buffalo skins.
43. A war between people of the same country, specifically the North and South in the U.S.
47. A person sent by the King of Spain to rule a colony in his place.
48. The specific amount of time a person is allowed to serve in a government position.
49. A design on a map that shows directions.
51. The group of Southern states that seceded from the Union during the Civil War.
52. A large animal that was the most important resource for the Plains Indians for food and clothing.
53. A Spanish word for a cowboy.
56. A special celebration for a girl’s 15th birthday in many Hispanic cultures.
57. The money a business has left over after paying all of its bills.
58. A strong building or group of buildings used by soldiers for defense.
61. Money that people pay to the government to fund services like schools and roads.
62. A period in the 1930s when wind and drought caused huge dust storms in the Great Plains.
64. The natural shapes on the Earth’s surface, like mountains, plains, or plateaus.
65. Twisted wire with sharp points used for fences; it brought an end to the "open range."
69. A system where people are owned by others and forced to work without pay.
70. The name of Texas during the nine years it was its own independent country.
71. A military move where an army surrounds a city or fort to cut off supplies and force a surrender.
73. A formal agreement between two or more groups to work together.
75. The natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism.
76. A Spanish explorer and soldier who came to the Americas to find gold and land.
79. The forced separation of people based on their race.
80. The four main points on a compass: North, South, East, and West.
84. An official paper that provides information or proof, such as a letter or a law.
86. A railroad engine used to pull a train.
87. A person who survives by hunting wild animals and searching for wild plants to eat.
89. A period in Earth's history when much of the land was covered by huge sheets of ice.
90. A farmer who works on land owned by someone else and gives a share of the crop as rent.
91. A very long period of time with little to no rainfall.
94. A time in history (1930s) when the economy was very weak and many people were out of work.
95. The act of a country growing larger by adding more land.
96. A small town or village.
102. A crop, like cotton, that is grown to be sold for money rather than used by the farmer.
103. An imaginary line around the middle of the Earth that divides it into North and South.
104. To cancel or declare that a law is no longer in effect.
105. A person chosen to represent a group of people at a meeting.
107. A sudden, wild rush of a herd of animals, like cattle or buffalo.
108. The part of the government that interprets laws and decides if they are fair.
110. The usual weather patterns in a place over a very long period of time.
112. A person or business that makes goods or provides services.
113. The right to vote in political elections.
114. The part of the government that carries out or enforces the laws.
116. An elected official who represents their state or district in the Senate.
118. A person who buys and uses goods and services.
120. The holiday celebrating the day enslaved people in Texas were told they were free.
121. A scientist who studies people from the past by digging up and examining objects they left behind.
122. A tool on a map that shows how the map distance relates to the real distance on Earth.
123. The site of a massive oil discovery near Beaumont in 1901.
124. Another name for oil; a liquid found underground that is used for fuel.
125. A system that gives each branch of government some power over the others so no one becomes too powerful.

Down

2. A settlement in a new land that is still ruled by its home country.
3. The act of gathering cattle together to be branded or moved.
4. A formal, written request signed by many people and given to a government leader.
5. To protect or save something from being wasted, like water or soil.
7. The system of people and laws that run a city, state, or country.
9. The movement of people from rural areas (farms) to cities.
10. A person who worked to end the practice of slavery.
12. The document that outlines the laws and structure of the Texas government.
13. The practice of farming, including growing crops and raising animals for food.
14. A person who studies and writes about the past.
15. Land set aside by the government for Native American tribes to live on.
18. A large factory where "crude" oil from the ground is turned into gasoline and other products.
21. A person who moves from one country to live permanently in another.
24. The basic rights and freedoms that every citizen should have.
25. To keep something safe or in its original condition.
28. The 1836 document that stated Texas was no longer part of Mexico.
29. A Spanish fort built to protect missions and settlers.
31. A person who comes from a specific ancestor (like a great-grandchild).
33. Unfair treatment of a person or group based on things like their race.
34. An object made by humans long ago, such as a tool or pottery, that tells us about their lives.
37. The starting line (0 degrees) for measuring longitude.
39. The name of a map that tells you what the map is showing.
40. A time of very fast growth in a business or a town’s population.
41. A settlement built by the Spanish to spread their religion and way of life.
44. The war between Texas and Mexico from 1835–1836.
45. A building material made of sun-dried earth and straw, often used for houses in West Texas.
46. Information created by someone who did not experience an event first-hand (like a textbook).
50. The shared beliefs, traditions, language, and arts of a group of people.
54. A unit of measurement used to find an exact location on a map or globe.
55. A community located on the outskirts of a large city.
59. A major industry in Texas focused on rasing and selling livestock.
60. The process of one country or territory joining another, like when Texas joined the United States.
63. A formal, written agreement between two or more countries.
66. An original object or document from the time an event happened (like a diary or photo).
67. A small, narrow boat used for traveling on water.
68. Traditions, skills, and objects that are passed down from one generation to the next.
72. Traveling through an unfamiliar area to learn about it or find resources.
74. A share of ownership in a company.
77. To formally withdraw from or leave a group or country.
78. A certificate issued by a government promising to pay back borrowed money with interest.
81. A person who is in charge of a court and makes sure the law is followed.
82. A person who moves from place to place to find food and has no permanent home.
83. The top elected leader of a state’s executive branch.
85. The part of a map that explains what the symbols and colors mean.
88. The part of government that is responsible for writing and passing laws.
92. A diagram that shows events in the order they happened.
93. To pull back or move away from an enemy during a battle.
97. Imaginary lines that run east and west to measure distance north or south of the Equator.
98. A place where two or more railroad lines or roads meet.
99. A government where the power stays with the people through voting.
100. A group of citizens who sit in a courtroom and decide the outcome of a trial.
101. A member of an elite group of lawmen who protected the Texas frontier.
106. A person who was given land in Texas by the Mexican government to start a new colony.
109. The business of raising and selling cattle for beef and leather.
111. The far edge of a settled area where few people live.
115. A serious promise to be loyal to a flag, state, or country.
117. An area of land characterized by few people and lots of open land.
119. The group of Northern states that stayed together during the Civil War.