Unit 3.2-3.5

3. The intellectual academy and library in Abbasid Baghdad where scholars translated, preserved, and expanded global scientific knowledge.
5. An Islamic Caliphate centered in Baghdad that oversaw a magnificent golden age of science, mathematics (algebra), literature, and medicine.
6. The charismatic military leader who unified the nomadic tribes of the East Asian steppe to found the Mongol Empire, establishing the largest contiguous land empire in world history.
7. A Chinese system of land distribution and taxation aimed at ensuring all peasant families received equitable allocations of farmland while preventing wealthy elites from monopolizing property.
9. the invention of a saddle for this animal allowed Trans-Saharan connections to flourish linking West Africa to Dar al-Islam
11. A wealthy city in Mali; major center of trade, education, libraries, and scholarship.
13. A nomadic group from the Central Asian steppes who conquered the largest contiguous land empire in human history under Genghis Khan.
14. Relating to sea navigation, naval commerce, shipping lanes, and overseas trade networks.

1. An era of relative peace and security across Eurasia guaranteed by centralized Mongol military domination, increasing global trade, contact, and communication.
2. A powerful and wealthy medieval West African empire that grew rich by controlling and taxing the lucrative trans-Saharan gold-for-salt trade routes.
4. The wealthy 14th-century emperor of Mali whose famous pilgrimage to Mecca introduced West Africa's gold wealth to the world and spread Islamic learning.
8. A vast maritime commerce network connecting East Africa, the Middle East, South Asia, and East Asia via monsoon wind patterns.
10. Predictable, seasonal winds of the Indian Ocean basin that maritime merchants relied upon to navigate trade ships safely between Africa, Arabia, and India.
12. The vast network of trans-Eurasian overland trade routes connecting East Asian manufacturing cities to Mediterranean consumer markets.