F3 Physics

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Across
  1. 1. The amount of thermal energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1°C.
  2. 5. A measure of a spring's stiffness, represented as k in the equation F = kx.
  3. 8. The rate at which work is done or energy is transferred per unit of time.
  4. 9. A material or surface that takes in incident thermal radiation rather than reflecting it.
  5. 12. The single overall force obtained by combining all the individual forces acting on an object.
  6. 14. The force per unit mass exerted by a gravitational field, represented as g.
  7. 16. The phase transition in which a solid absorbs thermal energy and turns into a liquid at a constant temperature.
  8. 17. A shiny or light-colored surface that bounces incident thermal radiation away rather than absorbing it.
  9. 20. The tendency of matter to change its shape, area, and volume in response to an increase in temperature.
  10. 21. The unique point through which the entire weight of an object can be considered to act.
  11. 27. A fundamental measure of the amount of matter in an object, which also dictates its resistance to acceleration.
  12. 33. The pressure that increases linearly with depth due to the weight of the fluid column above it.
  13. 36. The total energy stored within a system, encompassing both the microscopic kinetic and potential energies of its particles.
  14. 37. The transfer of thermal energy via electromagnetic waves (specifically infrared), which requires no physical medium to travel through.
  15. 40. The gradual phase transition from liquid to gas occurring only at the surface of the liquid, happening at any temperature below the boiling point.
  16. 42. The random, erratic zigzag movement of microscopic particles suspended in a fluid, caused by collisions with fast-moving atoms or molecules.
  17. 43. The form of energy an object possesses due to its motion.
  18. 45. The turning effect of a force about a specific pivot or fulcrum.
  19. 47. The ratio of an object's mass to its volume, indicating how tightly packed its matter is.
  20. 51. The ratio of useful energy output to the total energy input, often expressed as a percentage.
  21. 52. The principle stating that the extension of a spring is directly proportional to the load applied, provided it doesn't exceed its elastic limit.
  22. 55. The thermal energy required to change the state of 1 kg of a substance without altering its temperature.
  23. 56. The transfer of thermal energy through a medium via atomic vibrations and particle collisions, without any bulk movement of the material itself.
  24. 57. A scalar quantity representing the rate at which an object covers distance.
  25. 58. The rate of change of displacement; effectively, speed in a specified direction.
  26. 59. The model stating that all matter is made up of tiny, constantly moving particles.
  27. 60. The amount of energy transferred when a force moves an object over a distance in the direction of the force.
Down
  1. 2. The fundamental law stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one stored form to another.
  2. 3. The principle stating that the total momentum of a closed system remains constant before and after a collision.
  3. 4. Highly mobile valence electrons in metals that allow for rapid electrical and thermal conduction.
  4. 6. A circulating loop in a fluid driven by thermal differences, where hot, less dense fluid rises and cold, denser fluid sinks.
  5. 7. The theoretical lowest possible temperature (0 K or -273.15°C), where all molecular kinetic energy ceases.
  6. 10. The frictional force or drag exerted by air molecules against a moving object.
  7. 11. The pressure exerted by the weight of the Earth's surrounding air blanket.
  8. 13. The gravitational force acting on an object's mass.
  9. 15. Materials that poorly conduct heat due to a lack of free-moving electrons or mobile structures.
  10. 18. The product of the average force applied to an object and the time interval over which it acts, resulting in a change in momentum.
  11. 19. The specific point beyond which a material no longer obeys Hooke's Law and extension is no longer linear.
  12. 22. The constant maximum speed achieved by a falling object when the upward drag force equals the downward force of gravity.
  13. 23. The energy stored in an object due to its vertical position or height in a gravitational field.
  14. 24. The net perpendicular force required to keep an object moving in a circular path, directed toward the center.
  15. 25. The phase transition in which a gas cools down and changes back into a liquid state.
  16. 26. The downward motion of an object acting solely under the influence of gravity, with no air resistance.
  17. 28. Quantities that fully describe magnitude only, completely ignoring direction.
  18. 29. The phase transition in which a liquid releases thermal energy and solidifies into a solid.
  19. 30. The resistive force exerted by a fluid (liquid or gas) opposing the motion of an object passing through it.
  20. 31. The attractive or repulsive forces that act between neighboring molecules.
  21. 32. The force exerted perpendicularly per unit area on a surface.
  22. 34. The straight-line distance measured from an object's starting point to its final position, including direction.
  23. 35. The transfer of thermal energy in fluids caused by the bulk movement of the heated fluid itself.
  24. 38. The resistive force that opposes the relative motion or tendency of motion between two touching surfaces.
  25. 39. A high-precision instrument used to measure incredibly small diameters or thicknesses, typically down to 0.01 mm.
  26. 41. An object or surface that releases or gives off thermal radiation into its surroundings.
  27. 44. A negative acceleration, describing an object that is slowing down.
  28. 46. The total length of the actual path traveled by an object, regardless of the direction taken.
  29. 48. The rate at which an object changes its velocity over time.
  30. 49. The rapid phase transition from liquid to gas occurring throughout the entire volume of the liquid at a specific fixed temperature.
  31. 50. Physical quantities, like force or velocity, that demand both a magnitude and a specific direction.
  32. 53. A state in which an object experiences both zero resultant force and zero resultant moment, remaining at rest or in uniform motion.
  33. 54. The product of an object's mass and its velocity; essentially "mass in motion."