Genetics

4. A specific segment of DNA along a chromosome that codes for a specific functional trait or protein.
6. The type of visual family tree chart used by geneticists to track the inheritance of a specific trait through multiple generations.
7. A permanent structural change or mistake in the nucleotide sequence of an DNA molecule.
9. The fundamental chemical repeating subunit block of a DNA molecule, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogen base.

1. The physical or observable expression of a genetic trait (e.g., blue eyes, tall height) resulting from environmental and genetic interactions.
2. An alternative form or variation of a specific gene (e.g., dominant vs. recessive).
3. The twisted-ladder structural shape characteristic of a molecule of double-stranded DNA is a double _____.
5. A tightly coiled, thread-like structure of DNA and structural proteins found inside the nucleus of a somatic cell.
8. The actual genetic or allele makeup of an organism, usually represented by letters like Tt or BB.