2D

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Across
  1. 1. Which belief made continental expansion appear inevitable or morally legitimate to many nineteenth-century Americans?
  2. 4. Which violent organization was targeted by federal enforcement efforts under President Ulysses S. Grant?
  3. 5. Which presidential measure transformed the Union's war aims without immediately abolishing slavery in loyal border states?
  4. 6. Which Reconstruction amendment eliminated the legal institution on which the Confederate plantation economy had depended?
  5. 7. Which measure of the Compromise of 1850 increased federal responsibility for enforcing slavery?
  6. 10. Which federal law helped unleash the violent territorial conflict remembered as Bleeding Kansas?
  7. 11. Which post-emancipation labour system offered an alternative to slavery while often perpetuating debt and economic dependence?
  8. 13. Which self-described rescuers of the South worked to restore white Democratic dominance and reverse Reconstruction's political gains?
  9. 15. Literacy tests and poll taxes later undermined the protections intended by this constitutional voting guarantee.
  10. 16. Their enactment under Andrew Johnson helped persuade Congress that emancipation alone had not secured freedom.
  11. 17. Which transformation increasingly connected distant producers and consumers while changing how Americans earned a living?
  12. 18. Which land acquisition created vast new opportunities for expansion while eventually intensifying disputes over slavery in western territories?
  13. 21. In early constitutional debates, which political group generally favoured a broader interpretation of federal powers than Jefferson's supporters?
  14. 23. Which political settlement preceded the withdrawal of federal troops from guarding statehouses in Louisiana and South Carolina?
  15. 24. Which religious movement emphasized personal conversion and helped inspire campaigns to improve American society?
Down
  1. 2. Which constitutional change made state governments accountable to national guarantees of citizenship and equal protection?
  2. 3. Which Supreme Court decision declared the Missouri Compromise's territorial restriction on slavery unconstitutional?
  3. 7. Which federal organization attempted to support the transition from slavery to free labour while operating with fewer than 1,000 agents across the South?
  4. 8. Which earlier attempt to preserve sectional balance was undermined by the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
  5. 9. Which forced migration demonstrated the limits of Indigenous legal victories when federal authorities pursued removal?
  6. 12. While Lee retreated from Pennsylvania, this fortified Southern city surrendered after a prolonged siege.
  7. 14. Which Indigenous leader connects the War of 1812 to the broader struggle against settler expansion?
  8. 19. What expanding regional economy made cotton immensely profitable while deepening dependence on plantation slavery?
  9. 20. Jackson threatened force to preserve federal authority during this 1832-1833 confrontation.
  10. 22. Unlike the simultaneous victory on the Mississippi River, this Union success checked a Confederate offensive on Northern soil.