3.1.1-3.1.4 Vocab Review

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Across
  1. 2. A condition that impairs normal physiological functioning, resulting in physical or mental symptoms and distress.
  2. 4. Diverse group of eukaryotic microorganisms, including protozoa and algae, some of which can cause diseases in humans.
  3. 5. A localized epidemic, often confined to a specific community, region, or setting.
  4. 9. Any organism or particle capable of causing infection, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites.
  5. 11. A substance that triggers an immune response, typically a protein or other foreign molecule recognized by the immune system.
  6. 13. The invasion and multiplication of pathogens within a host organism, leading to illness or disease.
  7. 14. An organism that harbors and provides a habitat for pathogens to live and multiply.
  8. 16. The body's natural defense mechanisms against pathogens, present from birth and providing immediate, nonspecific protection.
  9. 17. Group of eukaryotic organisms, including yeasts, molds, and mushrooms, some of which can cause infections in humans.
  10. 19. The basic reproduction number of an infectious disease, representing the average number of secondary infections produced by a single infected individual in a susceptible population. It helps determine the potential for an outbreak or epidemic.
  11. 20. The process by which infectious agents are spread from one host to another, either directly or indirectly.
  12. 21. Proteins produced by B-cells in response to an antigen, capable of binding to and neutralizing pathogens or marking them for destruction by other immune cells.
  13. 24. A type of white blood cell that plays a central role in cell-mediated immunity, helping to coordinate and regulate the immune response.
  14. 28. Parasitic worms that can infect humans and cause diseases such as intestinal infections.
  15. 30. Microorganisms or infectious agents capable of causing disease, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites.
  16. 31. The indirect protection from infectious disease that occurs when a large percentage of a population becomes immune, either through vaccination or previous infection, reducing the spread of the disease within the community.
  17. 32. An infection acquired in a hospital or healthcare facility, often as a result of medical treatment or exposure to pathogens in the healthcare environment.
  18. 33. Vulnerable to infection or disease due to lack of immunity or other factors.
  19. 34. Microscopic organisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protists.
Down
  1. 1. Transmission of pathogens via intermediate objects or surfaces, such as doorknobs or shared utensils.
  2. 3. Occurs occasionally and irregularly, with isolated cases appearing without a pattern.
  3. 6. A type of white blood cell that produces antibodies, which target and neutralize specific antigens.
  4. 7. Immunity that develops after exposure to a pathogen (natural) or through vaccination (artificial), providing specific and long-lasting protection.
  5. 8. Medications used to treat bacterial infections by killing or inhibiting the growth of bacteria.
  6. 10. The constant presence of a disease or infectious agent within a specific geographic area or population.
  7. 12. Capable of being transmitted from one person to another, usually through direct or indirect contact.
  8. 15. The ability of an organism to resist infection or disease, either through natural defenses or acquired immunity.
  9. 18. Transmission of pathogens from person to person through physical contact, such as touching or kissing.
  10. 22. A biological preparation containing weakened or killed pathogens or antigens, administered to stimulate the immune system and confer immunity against specific diseases.
  11. 23. Single-celled microorganisms that can be found in various environments and can cause a wide range of diseases in humans.
  12. 25. The study of the causes or origins of diseases.
  13. 26. Infectious proteins that can cause abnormal folding of proteins in the brain, leading to neurodegenerative diseases.
  14. 27. Small infectious agents composed of genetic material (DNA or RNA) enclosed in a protein coat, capable of infecting host cells and replicating within them.
  15. 29. A sudden increase in the number of cases of a disease within a specific population or geographic area.