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Across

1. 1. A way of learning shaped by results, such as rewards and punishments. TRAUMA A psychological response to a deeply distressing event that overwhelms a child’s ability to cope. PUNISHMENT A consequence that makes behaviors less likely to occur again. ENVIRONMENT The external surroundings, including the family system and peer groups, that shape development. GENETICS Inherited traits that have a significant effect on the development of emotional and behavioral disturbances. REINFORCEMENT Positive or negative consequences that make a behavior more likely to be repeated. POVERTY One of the most powerful socioeconomic factors contributing to EBD by creating material hardships and stress. MODELING Demonstrating actions that children acquire by observing peers, parents, or media figures. ABUSE Physical or emotional harm that disrupts a child's sense of security and creates a strong environmental risk for EBD. SKINNER The theorist most famously associated with operant conditioning. ECOLOGICAL A model situating behavior within the broader social and environmental context. CORTISOL A stress hormone that affects how children respond to daily challenges. BEHAVIORAL A model asserting that observable actions are shaped by environmental contingencies. NEUROLOGICAL Relating to brain development, where irregularities can create difficulties in emotional regulation. NEGLECT A lack of food, supervision, or emotional care that deprives children of resources needed for healthy growth. CLASSICAL A type of conditioning shaping behavior through associations between neutral and significant stimuli. TOXINS Harmful substances that, through prenatal exposure, can disrupt brain growth. STRESS Chronic psychological or financial tension that worsens risks for emotional and behavioral problems. PEERS Age-mates whose rejection or bullying can increase vulnerability to anxiety and aggression. MALNUTRITION A lack of proper dietary nutrients during prenatal development that can disrupt brain growth. EXTINCTION The principle of ignoring attention-seeking behaviors to reduce their frequency. PAVLOV The theorist who explained classical conditioning through neutral and significant stimuli. BANDURA The theorist who advanced the social-cognitive theory. DYNAMICS Family patterns of communication, conflict resolution, and self-regulation that shape emotional health. RESILIENCE The ability to overcome challenges, promoted by protective factors like strong communities and stable caregivers.

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