341 Crossword

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Across
  1. 3. The effect where one tends to remember the information presented at the end better than the middle. This likely happens because the items at the end of a list are still being kept in short term memory when the participant is asked to recall the information.
  2. 4. This type of memory involves your basic knowledge of the world around you. An example is knowing that Savannah is in the state of Georgia.
  3. 13. This group of individuals speak two languages and are often more expert in their first language. These individuals perform better on the stroop task.
  4. 15. Damage to this area of the brain is implicated in a person’s loss of speech. This area is found in the left frontal lobe.
  5. 17. The error that occurs when one is focused on some aspect of a scene and fails to recognize a misplaced but clearly visible object that enters the scene. Our previous knowledge leads to this top down processing error.
  6. 20. When a person splits their focus onto two or more tasks and significantly depletes their cognitive capabilities. The current research looks at people who drive and use their cell phones.
  7. 23. The memory effect where you will be able to better recall information that relates to yourself. An example that illustrates this effect is that I am more likely to remember someone’s name if it the same name as my mom’s.
  8. 25. This occurs when someone is trying learn new information but previously learnt knowledge is obstructing their memory. An example of this would be someone who has learnt to drive in the US and when driving in Australia on vacation keeps making turns into the wrong side of the street.
  9. 26. ground When two people share similar backgrounds and general knowledge that allow them to communicate with ease. An example would be two UMD students talking about giving a sacrifices at testudo, both knowing there is no real sacrifice but a silly UMD tradition.
  10. 27. This theory of mental imagery believes that mental imagery is not visual or spatial but resembles language like descriptions. Evidence for this theory was demonstrated in class when we were constructed to draw the Starbucks logo from memory and almost no one could do it!
  11. 28. A sentence that blatantly asks someone to do something. An example would be a dad saying to his child, “take out the trash now.”
  12. 29. The best example of an item in a category. In the category of vehicle, car would most likely be selected.
  13. 30. The amount of chunks Miller believed one could hold in short term memory. An example of chunking would be to take the string of letters NFLABCCBSTBS and chunk them into NFL ABC CBS TBS.
Down
  1. 1. When behaviorism was not thriving in Europe, this field of psychology was gaining traction. This sect of psychology understands human behavior to stem from a need to organize our world into categories. These categories value the bigger picture over the smaller parts.
  2. 2. This type of sensory memory is visual and lasts about .5 to 3 seconds. The Sperling task is used to test this type of memory, and requires participants to recall 12 letters briefly flashed on a screen.
  3. 5. The memory principle that one’s recall of information is better if the person’s environmental context is the same at both retrieval and encoding. The famous research experiment had participants learn words above water and then recall them under water or learn words under water and then recall under water.
  4. 6. A memory device that creates a word out of the first letters of the words one needs to remember. An example of an acronym is HOMES, which stands for the five great lakes, Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie and Superior.
  5. 7. A component of network models where when one idea is triggered, anything related to that concept is now brought to your attention. This concept relates to the idea of schemas and focuses on the relationship between items in a category.
  6. 8. This problem solving heuristic breaks a problem into sub parts and then tries to find a solution to each smaller problem. This often requires a person to initially move further away from the goal, but creates a long term solution.
  7. 9. This theory of mental imagery believes that the mental image we construct closely resembles the real physical object. Evidence for this theory has been exhibited in mental rotation tasks.
  8. 10. The inability to recognize and differentiae human faces. The fusiform area, located in the inferior temporal lobe, is implicated in this disorder.
  9. 11. The retinal image of an object that is inverted and 2D. The farther away the object is, the smaller the retinal image is.
  10. 12. The phenomena where at a loud social gathering, a person is able to notice their name being mentioned even when they were not consciously aware that they were listening to nearby conversations. This effect supports the late filter theory.
  11. 14. According to the research, this note taking technique is most helpful in encoding information in to long term memory. This technique is helpful because it requires the student to process the information on a deeper level by putting a text into their own words.
  12. 15. A disorder where a person claims they cannot see but when asked, can detect some aspect of an object presented to them. The person has no damage to their eyes, but rather suffers from a disconnect between the visual system and their stream of consciousness.
  13. 16. The effect where people tend to remember positive information better than negative information. Researchers conducted experiments where they presented participants with positive, neutral and negative words/items and found that after a delay of minutes, days or weeks, the positive words/items were recalled best.
  14. 18. Wundt’s technique to studying the mind, where trained individuals would observe their feelings and sensations in a variety of settings. This technique, although not completely accurate, lay the groundwork in psychology.
  15. 19. The overconfident student who thinks they will ace the exam exhibits this bias. Many students fall prey to the illusion that recognizing a word in the textbook means they will be able to recall it on the exam.
  16. 21. A method of problem solving that always get the right answer but is inefficient. One example is an exhaustive search where all possible answers are tested before the right answer is identified.
  17. 22. The aspect of language that requires you to read between the lines to understand others speech. If a child was drawing on the walls and their parent in a rage of fury says, “what are you doing,” a child who does not understand this aspect of language would say “drawing on the walls.”
  18. 24. The smallest units of meaning in language. In the word cats, there are two, cat and s.
  19. 25. You employ this type of memory when you need to remind yourself to do a task. This requires you to have metacognition, or knowledge of your cognitive processes, in order to accomplish the said task.