3.6 - Biochemical Characterisation of Transforming Principle- The Genetic Material is DNA

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Across
  1. 4. The bacteriophage ............ to the bacteria and its genetic material then enters the bacterial cell.
  2. 6. The bacterial cell treats the .......... genetic material as if it was its own and subsequently manufactures more virus particles.
  3. 10. .......... and ............ worked to discover whether it was protein or DNA from the viruses that entered the bacteria.
  4. 12. They discovered that ........alone from S bacteria caused R bacteria to become transformed.
  5. 13. This indicates that proteins did not .........the bacteria from the viruses.
  6. 16. Similarly, viruses grown on radioactive sulfur contained ............. but not radioactive DNA because DNA does not contain sulfur.
  7. 17. The virus particles were separated from the bacteria by spinning them in a ............
  8. 20. DNA is there fore the genetic material that is .......... from virus to bacteria
  9. 21. Bacteria which was ............ with viruses that had radioactive DNA were radioactive, indicating that DNA was the material that passed from the virus to the bacteria.
  10. 22. Radioactive phages were allowed to attach to ........... bacteria.
Down
  1. 1. Prior to the work of Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod and Maclyn McCarty (1933-44), the genetic material was thought to be a ......
  2. 2. They grew some viruses on a medium that contained radioactive .......... and some others on medium that contained radioactive .........
  3. 3. Digestion with ......... did inhibit transformation, suggesting that the DNA caused the transformation.
  4. 5. They also discovered that protein-digesting enzymes (proteases) and RNA-digesting enzymes (RNases) did not affect ............., so the transforming substance was not a protein or RNA.
  5. 7. The unequivocal proof that DNA is the .......... came from the experiments of Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase (1952).
  6. 8. Viruses grown in the presence of radioactive phosphorus contained ............ but not radioactive protein because DNA contains phosphorus but protein does not.
  7. 9. They worked with viruses that infect bacteria called ............
  8. 11. They concluded that DNA is the ........... material, but not all biologists were convinced.
  9. 14. Then, as the infection proceeded, the viral coats were removed from the bacteria by agitating them in a .........
  10. 15. They worked to determine the biochemical nature of ‘.............’ in Griffith's experiment.
  11. 18. Bacteria that were infected with viruses that had radioactive proteins were .............
  12. 19. They purified biochemicals (proteins, DNA, RNA, etc.) from the ............ cells to see which ones could transform live R cells into S cells.