4.1 Starting from the Ground Up

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Across
  1. 1. The mineral and organic surface of the earth capable of supporting upland plants. It has been (and is being) formed by the active factors of climate and biosphere exerting their influence on passive parent material and topography over neutral time.
  2. 4. Small, mineral, soil particle, ranging in diameter from 0.5 to 0.002 millimeters.
  3. 7. To gather or collect.
  4. 10. Mineral matter of variable composition, consolidated or unconsolidated, assembled in masses or considerable quantities in nature.
  5. 11. A group of textural classes in which the particles are finer than gravel but coarser than silt, ranging in size from 2.00 to 0.5 millimeters in diameter.
  6. 12. The group of processes whereby earthy or rock material is worn away, loosened, or dissolved and removed from any part of the earth’s surface.
  7. 14. soil Soil whose properties are dominated by soil minerals, usually containing less than 20 percent organic matter.
  8. 16. A size term denoting particles, regardless of mineral composition, with diameter less than 2 microns.
  9. 17. The long-term average weather conditions.
  10. 19. The addition of sediment, as by flowing water.
  11. 20. Decrease in volume of sediments, as a result of compressive stress, usually resulting from continued deposition above them.
  12. 23. Unweathered hard rock that lies directly beneath the soil layers or beneath superficial geological deposits, such as glacial drift.
  13. 24. Color difference on a mass of moderately poorly drained soil.
  14. 25. Slope of the land and the position on the landscape, such as the top of a hill, a hillside, or the foot of a slope.
  15. 29. cover Any vegetation that grows close to the ground, producing protection for the soil.
  16. 30. Atmospheric action on rock surfaces producing decomposition, disintegration, or alteration of rocks at or close to the earth’s surface.
Down
  1. 2. The artificial application of water to soil for the purpose of increasing plant production.
  2. 3. The removal of soluble constituents from soils or other materials by percolating water.
  3. 5. Change in form, appearance, nature, or character.
  4. 6. An elongated depression between uplands, hills, or mountains.
  5. 8. An organism so small that it cannot be seen clearly without the use of a microscope; a microscopic or submicroscopic organism.
  6. 9. Designating the inorganic nature of a substance.
  7. 13. Refers to the extent of voids or openings in the soil that exist between soil particles and soil peds or clods. These pores hold water and air for absorption by plant roots.
  8. 15. Process of removing soil from the surface.
  9. 18. To move or transfer from one place to another; cause to change location; displace.
  10. 21. matter Matter found in, or produced by, living animals and plants, which contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and often nitrogen and sulfur.
  11. 22. Process of soil deposited due to erosion.
  12. 26. material The horizon of weathered rock or partially weathered soil material from which the soil is formed.
  13. 27. Any living individual whether plant or animal.
  14. 28. Accumulation of water-worn pebbles larger than two millimeters in diameter.