4c. Rise of Athens / Greco-Persian Wars

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Across
  1. 7. (524-460 BCE) an Athenian politician and general / responsible for building the first large Athenian navy, which was made up of mostly triremes - built in response to the threat of a Persian invasion / "Father of Naval Warfare" - used trickery and deception to lure the Persians into the narrow straits at Salamis
  2. 8. (480 BCE) naval battle fought between an alliance of Greek city-states under Themistocles and the Achaemenid Empire under King Xerxes / Themistocles pointed out that the entire strategy for a Greek victory was predicated on fighting the battle in the Salamis Straits - a particularly narrow body of water - where the massed Persian ships had difficulty maneuvering
  3. 11. "triple-rower" or three-banked warship / highly specialist - lightweight, rapid, and agile / about 120 feet long and 15 feet wide / main weapon was a heavy bronze battering ram designed to piece an enemy ship's hull
  4. 13. (c. 499-493 BCE) marked the beginning of the Greco-Persian Wars / Greek city-states along the western coast of Anatolia - supported by troops from Athens, captured and burnt Sardis - the western capital of the Persian Empire / these city-states were reconquered by the Persians
  5. 14. Boule or Council of Five Hundred / the ____________ branch of government that met every day and did most of the hands-on work of governance
Down
  1. 1. (appointed in 622 or 621 BCE) replaced the system of oral law and blood feud with the Draconian constitution, a famously harsh written code to be enforced by a court of law
  2. 2. city-state in Ancient Greece that probably originated from the natural divisions of the country by mountains and the sea
  3. 3. Ekklesia or citizens' assembly / the ____________ or law-making branch of government
  4. 4. (570-508 BCE) “father of Athenian democracy” / ousted the tyrant Hippias (w/ Sparta’s help) and passed a series of reforms designed to increase the power of the Athenian citizens’ assembly (the ekklesia) over the aristocracy
  5. 5. (630-560 BCE) described by Aristotle as the “the first people’s champion” / made all citizens (free men) equal before the law and reduced the influence of the landed aristocracy / establishment of his jury courts laid the foundations for Athenian democracy
  6. 6. (c. 490 BCE) the first battle where the Greeks defeated the Persians / demonstrated the effectiveness of the Greek hoplite army / 26.2 mile race named after Pheidippides - the day-long runner who ran from Athens to Sparta (150 miles) in two days
  7. 9. (c. 480 BCE) where the 300 Spartans and their allies fought to the death in an effort to prevent the Persians from entering central Greece / King Leonidas of Sparta told his men, "Have a quick breakfast, for you will be eating dinner in the underworld tonight, in Hades."
  8. 10. offensive and defensive alliance established in 478 BCE under the leadership of Athens, whose purpose was to continue fighting the Persian Empire after the Greek victory at Plataea at the end of the Second Persian invasion of Greece / transformed into an empire in the Aegean and in Anatolia through Athenian imperialism
  9. 12. Dikasteria or popular courts / the ____________ branch of government that Aristotle argued "contributed the most to the strength of democracy" because the jury had almost unlimited power