50 Term Crossword Construction

Across

3. words) Canada is a __________, where there is a governor general that acts as a symbolic head of the state which represents the queen to authorize all decisions made by the government.
8. Countries such as Canada have governments that function as __________ in which the people have the power to vote for representatives in place of voting for the prime minister directly.
10. A direct vote driven by the people to bring about change, typically through petitions.
13. Despite being a time of prosperity for many, a large group of people— such as farmers and Black Americans— were suffering during the Roaring Twenties. These groups were considered to be below the __________ line.
14. (Two words) A mindset tied to classical liberalism; a belief that self-interest takes priority and that the government should have a limited role in society. This idea was popularized by Adam Smith and was commonly adopted by the Bourgeoisie in the seventeenth century and is still present in the right-wing mindset today.
15. (Two words) The main cause for the American involvement in the Vietnam war. The __________ was the belief that allowing one country to fall to communism would cause neighbouring countries to do the same.
17. (Three words) Typical in constitutional governments, a system in which the decision making process is spread out among three distinct branches in order to balance the power held by the government.
19. (Three words) A term that refers to the practice of citizens being looked after by their government from birth to death; such as free education at all levels, healthcare, food allowances, and pension plans. In countries where this is implemented, taxes are high in order to allow for these services.
20. (Two words) The reason why there is a lack of citizens involved in the voting process is because of __________; whether it be accessibility or motivational factors, these are the reasons why many people cannot or will not vote.
24. Having opinions that differ from those that are generally accepted; the staple of democracy is listening to and giving fair treatment to these groups of people trying to bring about change.
27. (Three words) Used to describe the general economic trends observed in Capitalism.
28. Often used to criticize Keynesian economics as this theory cannot explain the phenomenon. This term refers to a time when both inflation and unemployment rates are high.
29. (Two words) One of the main symbols of the cold war; it was a literal barrier between the east and west.
31. One of the main benefits of capitalism is that it encourages __________. Businesses are at the mercy of the consumer, meaning that companies must strive to make good quality items at a reasonable price in order to succeed over other companies that produce similar products.
33. (Two words) In Keynesian economics, the __________ is used to describe the deficit financing needed during times of economic depression. Governments are encouraged to lower taxes and increase government spending in order to stabilize the economy even if it means going into temporary debt.
35. Becoming involved with the government beyond just voting by getting into contact with government officials directly to influence the decision making process.
37. (Two words) A lack of interest in politics which leads many people to not vote.
40. This American president was well known for believing in Friedman’s “Trickle Down” Economics. He cut the top tax bracket, believing that the extra capital would circulate and boost the economy (which ultimately was not the case).
42. (Two words) This motivating factor of capitalism was first developed by Adam Smith. This selfish motivation will promote a better society as others will work harder. For example, when the common person notices that the Rich spend money on luxurious yachts, cars, and homes it motivates the common person to work harder to achieve a better lifestyle.
43. A common criticism of welfare states is that subsidies and government programs will diminish __________; killing the drive to succeed.
44. (Two words) It is commonly believed in the more right wing oriented mindset that welfare and “handouts” will lead to the dampening of __________ among citizens. When a person is not required to contribute as much of their own money towards a project, it is believed that they may have less drive to succeed and innovate.
45. (Two Words) It is often criticized that a __________ will decrease the number of informed voters; when required to vote on every issue, it can be overwhelming to the point where many people have no reason to fully understand every issue they are deciding on, therefore being forced to make uninformed decisions.
47. (Two words) Popularized by philosopher John Locke, the idea that a government must be accountable to the people and parliament.
48. One of the main criticisms of Keynesian economics was that deficit financing can eventually lead to the accumulation of __________ without a direct solution to lower it again.
49. (Two words) Philosophers such as Robert Owen and Saint-Simon believed in a type of socialist society in which everything was perfect. However, this is often criticized as being unrealistic and therefore typically discredited due to being something practically impossible to attain in practice.

Down

1. (Two words) This is used to describe the decrease of interest to help stabilize the economy during times of economic struggle by encouraging spending through loans.
2. A time of peace during the cold war that ended due to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
4. The idea of stalemate caused by mutually assured destruction.
5. A policy brought in by former Russiasn dictator Gorbachev with the goal to reform how the Soviet government operated.
6. When the party that forms the government does not have a majority, it is possible for the opposing parties to collectively go against the winning party by forming a __________, therefore having the power to shut down proposals made by the government.
7. (Three words) Each member elected in parliament is divided in a way where each member roughly represents the same number of people.
9. (Two words) Countries with mixed economies such as Canada have a large amount of government funded programs and services such as healthcare and pensions. These countries are considered to operate under __________; in which there are still many private businesses, but the main essential services are provided by the government.
11. (Two words) This was created as a counter to Demand-side economics by Fredrich Hayek. He believed that the best theory to follow was to not allow government influence on the economy.
12. (Two words) A method of taxation in which tax rate is determined by income; the more money made, the higher the taxes.
13. (Two words) Used by most of the world’s major democracies, where members of parliament are elected according to popular vote.
16. Just like how the people have the power to drive votes, the government can do the same through a __________— because it is driven by the government it is binding.
18. Well known for writing the Communist Manifesto, this German-born man is on the far left of the political spectrum; believing that the key to prosperity was the complete removal of all class division.
21. When a government is split without a majority, bills that go through the 3 branches of government have less of a likelihood to be passed; when bills slow down like this it is referred to as being __________.
22. The family name of two previous American presidents; The first was a progressive that promised a “Square Deal” for all Americans, wanting equal treatment for all. The second promised a “New Deal” in order to help the country out of severe economic depression.
23. (Two words) FDR proposed a __________ that outlined the measures that should be taken in order to deal with the economic crisis that swept the world in the thirties. This promised Relief, Recovery, and Reform.
25. (Two words) When a __________ is formed, policies are discussed in the assembly instead of the caucus— this also means that the oppositions can force an election at any time.
26. (Acronym) A voting system in which the winner of each constituency is the person with the most flat votes. That person does not need to have over 50% of the votes, and any candidate in that riding with less votes does not get any position in the constituency.
30. (Two words) When not in a majority government, it becomes possible that a bill may not get support from the legislative branch, therefore not passing and causing a vote of __________.
32. (Two words) The percentage of a population that chooses to execute their right to vote. Governments have discussed possibilities to increase this statistic, some of which include lowering the voting age or making election day a holiday.
34. (Two words) This event immediately followed the Roaring Twenties due to Wall Street “overheating” and the subsequent reactions that led to this economic crisis.
36. (Two words) Due to pressure from investors, banks across the world began to grant loans for housing without the prerequisite of good credit. After interest rates rose, many people could no longer afford to pay their mortgages— this led to many foreclosures and a sudden drop in revenue, resulting in eventual economic collapse.
38. Politicians often break important Keynesian rules while in power; the right wing tends to lower taxes during times of prosperity, leading to a sharper rate of __________ rather than the intended Keynesian result of lowering it to smooth the curve.
39. (Two words) In Canada, MPs are expected to abide by __________; it is frowned upon when members of parliament vote against their party.
41. The phase in the Capitalist economy in which the supply of money is too low and unemployment is high. This always follows times of economic prosperity.
46. This economist is known for his understanding of the causes of economic Depressions and his goals to smooth the curve. He created and popularized Demand-side economics.