5.7 - Respiration - Key Terms

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Across
  1. 7. A set of metabolic reactions that take place in organisms and break down respiratory substances, such as glucose, into smaller inorganic molecules, like water and carbon dioxide. This is linked to the synthesis of ATP.
  2. 9. A series of electron carrier proteins that transfer electrons in a chain of oxidation-reduction reactions. (Three words together)
  3. 10. An organic molecule that can be broken down via the respiratory pathways to produce ATP.
  4. 11. A form of cellular respiration that takes place in the absence of oxygen. It produces less ATP than in aerobic respiration.
  5. 15. The small space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes. The electron transport chain results in a high proton concentration here. (Two words)
  6. 16. An anaerobic process that takes place in the cytosol of the cell and breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate. Two molecules of ATP and two molecules of reduced NAD are also formed.
  7. 19. A three-carbon molecule produced in glycolysis. In the link reaction of aerobic respiration, it is oxidised to acetate. During fermentation, it is converted to lactate (animals) or ethanol and carbon dioxide (plants and microorganisms).
  8. 21. A series of oxidation-reduction reactions in the matrix of the mitochondria in which acetyl coenzyme A is oxidised, generating reduced NAD, reduced FAD, ATP and carbon dioxide. (Two words)
  9. 24. The mitochondrial membrane that segregates the matrix from the intermembrane space. It is the site of the electron transport chain. (Three words)
  10. 25. A type of fermentation that takes place in animal cells and produces lactate.
  11. 26. The removal of a carbon dioxide molecule.
  12. 28. An enzyme found embedded in cellular membranes that phosphorylates ADP to form ATP as protons flow through it. (Two words together)
  13. 29. The synthesis of ATP through the movement of protons down their concentration gradient across a semipermeable membrane, catalysed by ATP synthase. (Two words together)
  14. 30. A coenzyme that binds an acetyl group to form acetyl coenzyme A during oxidative decarboxylation of aerobic respiration. (Two words together)
  15. 31. The compound formed from the phosphorylation of glucose in glycolysis. It splits into two molecules of triose phosphate. (Two words)
  16. 32. The ratio of carbon dioxide produced to oxygen consumed during respiration. (Two words)
Down
  1. 1. The removal of a hydrogen atom.
  2. 2. An organelle found in eukaryotic cells that is the site of aerobic respiration.
  3. 3. The first stage of aerobic respiration that takes place in the mitochondrial matrix and converts pyruvate into acetyl coenzyme A and carbon dioxide. Reduced NAD is also formed. (Two words)
  4. 4. The universal energy carrier found in all living cells. (Two words together)
  5. 5. A six-carbon molecule formed in the first stage of the Krebs cycle from the reaction of acetyl coenzyme A and oxaloacetate.
  6. 6. The synthesis of ATP from reduced coenzymes and oxygen in the electron transport chain of aerobic respiration. (Two words)
  7. 8. A two-carbon molecule formed in oxidative decarboxylation when an acetyl group is bound by coenzyme A. It is oxidised in the Krebs cycle. (Two words and a letter together)
  8. 12. A four-carbon molecule that combines with acetyl coenzyme A to produce six-carbon citrate in the first stage of the Krebs cycle. It is eventually regenerated, allowing the cycle to continue.
  9. 13. Folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane that provide a large surface area for oxidative phosphorylation.
  10. 14. The fluid-filled space within the inner membrane of the mitochondria which contains mitochondrial DNA and enzymes required for aerobic respiration. (Or a film starring Keanu Reeves one of these answers may get you a mark on your A Level)
  11. 17. A type of anaerobic respiration that does not involve an electron transport chain.
  12. 18. A type of fermentation that takes place in plant root cells and yeast cells, and produces ethanol and carbon dioxide.
  13. 20. A form of cellular respiration that takes place in the presence of oxygen and produces carbon dioxide, water and ATP.
  14. 22. Molecules that help enzymes carry out their function e.g. NAD, FAD, coenzyme A and NADP.
  15. 23. Oxygen acts as the final one of these in the electron transfer chain (Two words together)
  16. 27. A device used to determine respiration rate in living organisms by measuring the change in volume of oxygen or carbon dioxide.