6.1 Vocab A&P

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Across
  1. 7. Mn; a metallic element, found in soils from a mere trace to as much as 15 percent, but when present it is often in forms unavailable to plants. It is regarded as essential to normal plant growth and is often applied, usually as manganous sulfate, to soils deficient in this element.
  2. 8. Unit of weight equivalent to 2000 pounds. (tonnage)
  3. 10. B; an element essential for plant growth. The original source of boron is tourmaline, but available forms are from soil organic matter.
  4. 11. Fe; a metallic element essential to people, animals, and plants; very common in some minerals, most rocks, and all soils. In plants, iron deficiency results in iron chlorosis.
  5. 12. For plants: boron, chlorine, cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, and zinc.
  6. 14. Zn; a metallic chemical element, one of the micronutrient elements in soils, essential for both plant and animal growth.
  7. 18. Excreta of animals, dung and urine (usually with some bedding), used to fertilize land.
  8. 19. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
  9. 20. To check or hinder the growth or development of an animal or plant.
  10. 22. When molecular nitrogen biologically or chemically converts to organic combinations or forms available for biological processes. Biological fixation occurs with legumes, whereas chemical fixation involves the manufacture of ammonia. Legume roots convert nitrogen gas to nitrates by bacteria.
  11. 24. Mg; a white metal, essential for people and animals and for plant growth because it is a constituent of chlorophyll.
  12. 25. Ca; a chemical element present in variable amounts in all soils. It is essential for plant and animal growth and is the principal mineral element in bones.
  13. 28. An insufficiency in reference to amount, volume, proportion, etc.; a lack; a state of incompleteness.
  14. 29. K; the chemical element, an alkali metal, which occurs widely in minerals. Regarded as an essential plant nutrient, potassium is present naturally in some form in all soils but in extremely variable amounts, and is likely to be in largest amounts in clay soils and in least amounts in highly silicious soils and in peats.
  15. 30. Death of plant or animal cells of tissue, usually in localized areas.
  16. 32. P; a chemical element found in soils in various mineral forms, but only small amounts are readily available to plants at any one time. It stimulates early growth and root development, and hastens grain maturity.
Down
  1. 1. Produced by plants and animals; of plant or animal origin.
  2. 2. Calcium, magnesium, and sulfur are the secondary nutrient elements, so called because they are essential to plant growth in lesser quantity that the primary nutrients nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and in greater quantity than the micronutrients.
  3. 3. Includes primary plant nutrients N, P, and K; and secondary plant nutrients Ca, Mg, and S.
  4. 4. Any organic or inorganic material added to soil or water to provide plant nutrients and to increase the growth, yield, quantity, or nutritive value of the plants grown therein.
  5. 5. Crops such as legumes or grasses that are grown to be plowed or spaded into the soil to increase humus content and improve soil structure.
  6. 6. Cu; a metallic element found in soils at 1 to 50 parts per million, and in plants up to 100 parts per million. It is necessary for all animal and plant life. High soil phosphorus, zinc, and molybdenum can induce copper deficiency in plants. Also, high copper can reduce plant uptake of phosphorus, iron, zinc, and molybdenum.
  7. 9. Mo; a gray metallic element, essential in very small amounts to the growth of plants, but usually present in sufficient amounts. Deficiencies have been discovered in a few highly acid soils.
  8. 13. Any of certain chemical elements necessary in minute quantities for optimum growth and development of plants and animals.
  9. 15. S; an elementary, yellow mineral, insoluble in water, easily fusible and inflammable. One of the secondary but important elements in soil fertility and used in relatively large amounts by most plants, it is an important constituent of both protein and protoplasm.
  10. 16. Cl; a heavy gas used in very small amounts for the growth of plants.
  11. 17. N; a gas that occurs naturally in the air and soil, where it is converted into usable forms for plant use by bacteria and other natural processes. This nutrient is a constituent of proteins and is vital to plant growing processes. Nitrogen can be added to the soil in any of three fertilizer forms: as urea, ammonia, or nitrates.
  12. 21. – A family of plants, including many valuable food and forage species, such as peas, beans, soybeans, peanuts, clovers, alfalfas, sweet clover, lespedezas, vetches, and kudzu. With aid of symbiotic bacteria, they can convert nitrogen from the air to build up nitrogen in the soil.
  13. 23. An element or compound in a soil that is essential for the growth of a plant.
  14. 26. Yellowing or whitening of normally green leaves caused by lack of nutrients, air pollution, or diseases.
  15. 27. A change in color of the lower leaves of green plants usually attributed to a lack of plant nutrients or moisture deficiency.
  16. 31. Organic residues or their mixture, such as peat, manure, or discarded plant material and soil, placed in a pit or enclosure, moistened, and allowed to become decomposed. Sometimes lime and chemical fertilizers are also added. Used as a fertilizer.