6.2 Vocabulary Review

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Across
  1. 4. A material with air pockets that reduces heat transfer, making it an effective thermal insulator.
  2. 5. system A system where energy (heat) can be exchanged with the surroundings, but matter cannot, such as a sealed thermos that allows heat transfer but keeps the liquid inside.
  3. 9. The limitations or restrictions in a thermal energy system, such as budget, available materials, or size constraints for an insulating container.
  4. 11. The transfer of thermal energy through direct contact between materials, such as heat moving through a metal spoon in hot soup.
  5. 13. light Light that passes through a material; certain materials allow both light and heat energy to pass, affecting temperature.
  6. 14. The average value of a set of thermal energy measurements, such as the average temperature recorded over time.
  7. 16. system A system where both energy (heat) and matter can be transferred between the system and its surroundings, such as a boiling pot of water without a lid.
  8. 18. energy The total energy of molecular motion in a substance, depending on both temperature and the number of particles present.
  9. 20. A system that uses trapped air to slow down heat transfer, since air is a poor conductor of thermal energy.
  10. 21. A material that does not allow light or thermal energy to pass through easily, such as a thick blanket used to insulate heat.
  11. 22. The process where a liquid absorbs thermal energy and changes into a gas, such as water turning into vapor when heated.
  12. 23. A representation (physical, mathematical, or conceptual) used to describe and predict how thermal energy behaves within a system.
  13. 26. The process where gas loses thermal energy and changes into a liquid, such as water vapor forming droplets on a cold surface.
Down
  1. 1. A measure of the average kinetic energy of molecules in a substance, determining how hot or cold it is.
  2. 2. The process where a material takes in thermal energy, causing an increase in temperature.
  3. 3. variable The factor that is intentionally changed in an experiment related to thermal energy, such as the type of insulation used in a heat retention test.
  4. 6. A system designed to minimize heat transfer by using a vacuum (absence of air) to prevent conduction and convection, such as in a thermos.
  5. 7. energy The energy of motion; in thermal energy, it refers to the movement of molecules, where higher kinetic energy means a higher temperature.
  6. 8. A factor that can change within an experiment involving thermal energy, such as temperature, material type, or insulation.
  7. 10. A defined space or object where thermal energy is observed, transferred, or measured. It can include substances, materials, or mechanisms involved in heat exchange.
  8. 12. light Light that bounces off a surface instead of being absorbed; reflective materials can reduce thermal energy absorption, such as aluminum foil.
  9. 15. variable A factor that is kept constant in an experiment involving thermal energy to ensure a fair test, such as using the same material for insulation when testing different heat sources.
  10. 17. The desired features or requirements for a thermal energy system, such as needing insulation that keeps liquids hot for at least one hour.
  11. 19. The transfer of thermal energy from a hotter object to a cooler one due to a temperature difference.
  12. 23. The smallest unit of a substance that retains its properties; in thermal energy, molecules move faster as they gain heat, increasing temperature.
  13. 24. variable The factor that is measured in response to the independent variable, such as the final temperature of a liquid after applying different insulating materials.
  14. 25. A material that allows most light and some thermal energy to pass through, like glass in a greenhouse trapping heat.