7.1 The Industrial Revolution Begins

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Across
  1. 2. drug that prevents pain during surgery
  2. 5. the process of taking over and consolidating land formerly shared by peasant farmers
  3. 8. money or wealth used to invest in an enterprise
  4. 11. period beginning in the 1700s in which production shifted from simple hand tools to complex machinery and sources of energy shifted from human or animal power to steam and electricity
  5. 12. melt in order to get the pure matter away from its waste matter
Down
  1. 1. industrial city in northern Britain that was part of the first major railway line; it went from Liverpool to Manchester
  2. 3. business organization in such areas as shipping, mining, railroads, or factories
  3. 4. system developed in the 18th century in which tasks were distributed to individuals who completed the work in their own homes; also known as cottage industry
  4. 6. (1765–1825) showed mechanical and engineering skill at a young age. After he graduated from Yale College, he headed south where plantation owners learned of his mechanical skill and asked for his help. The cost of the labor to process cotton was too high. In response, He invented the cotton gin, which revolutionized the textile industry and helped the South’s economy. Unfortunately, Whitney did not profit from his invention. He left the South in debt but continued to design new inventions until his death.
  5. 7. person who assumes financial risk in the hope of making a profit
  6. 9. (1736–1819) of Scotland invented the steam engine. He first developed an interest in building models and measuring instruments in the workshop of his father, who built houses and ships. He apprenticed with a maker of mathematical instruments. In 1765, Watt worked on his steam engine. It had a separate condenser that helped keep steam from escaping. Later in life, he worked as a land surveyor and then returned to inventing and perfecting machines, until his retirement in 1800.
  7. 10. industrial city in northern Britain that was part of the first major railway line; it went from Manchester to Liverpool