7a and 7b

Across

1. a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
12. the loss of memory
14. the inability to see a problem from a new perspective, by employing a different mental set
19. attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about,or imagined. Is also the heard of many false memories.
22. the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
23. that eerie "I've experienced this before." Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience.
24. our tendency to recall best the last and first terms in a list
25. a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past
26. an effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought, as contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning
27. memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
29. the process of getting information out of storage
30. early speech in which a child speaks like a telegram, using mostly nouns and verbs
33. judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead us to ignore other relevant information
37. memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare"(also called declarative memory)
40. the tendency to think of things in only terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving
41. in a language, a system of rules that enable us to communicate with and understand others
42. our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning
43. a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
44. a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence
45. the encoding of meaning, especially word meanings
46. clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited
48. a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; speedier, but more error-prone
49. incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event
50. the tendency to be more confident than correct-to over estimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgement
53. retention independent of conscious recollection(also called non-declarative or procedural memory)
55. the way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgement
56. the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood
57. the relatively permanent and limitless storage of the memory system; includes knowledge, skills, and experiences
58. the set of rules in which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language; also the study of meaning
59. mental pictures; a powerful aid to effortful processing, especially when combined with semantic encoding

Down

2. unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well- learned information, such as word meaning
3. beginning at about 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language
4. a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem; contrasts with strategy based solutions
5. a neural center that is located in the limbic system; helps process explicit memories for storage
6. a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic memory lasting no more than a few seconds
7. the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain's natural mode of information processing for many functions
8. the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
9. the encoding of picture images
10. in language, the smallest distinctive sound unit
11. a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spacial information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory
13. the stage in speech development, from age 1 to 2, during which a child speaks mostly in single words
15. estimation the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind, we presume such events are common
16. an increase in a synapse's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory.
17. in psychoanalytical theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts,feelings, memories
18. encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
20. the ability to produce novel and valuable ideas
21. the disruptive effect of new information on the recall of old information
28. beginning about 2, the stage ion speech development during which a child speaks mostly two word statements
31. Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think
32. organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically
34. the disruptive effect of prior learning on recall of new information
35. the processing of information into the memory system
36. activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the information is stored or forgotten
38. the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language
39. encoding of sound, especially sound of words
47. a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem
51. the conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
52. the retention of encoded information over time
54. in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or part of a word(such as a prefix)