7a and 7b

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Across
  1. 6. a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; speedier, but more error-prone
  2. 7. attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about,or imagined. Is also the heard of many false memories.
  3. 8. the encoding of picture images
  4. 11. the retention of encoded information over time
  5. 12. in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or part of a word(such as a prefix)
  6. 14. Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think
  7. 15. an increase in a synapse's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory.
  8. 17. the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
  9. 18. early speech in which a child speaks like a telegram, using mostly nouns and verbs
  10. 20. estimation the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind, we presume such events are common
  11. 22. the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language
  12. 24. our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning
  13. 26. the ability to produce novel and valuable ideas
  14. 28. activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the information is stored or forgotten
  15. 35. judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead us to ignore other relevant information
  16. 40. the process of getting information out of storage
  17. 41. mental pictures; a powerful aid to effortful processing, especially when combined with semantic encoding
  18. 42. the relatively permanent and limitless storage of the memory system; includes knowledge, skills, and experiences
  19. 46. our tendency to recall best the last and first terms in a list
  20. 52. an effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought, as contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning
  21. 53. organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically
  22. 54. a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem; contrasts with strategy based solutions
  23. 55. a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence
  24. 56. in language, the smallest distinctive sound unit
Down
  1. 1. the way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgement
  2. 2. that eerie "I've experienced this before." Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience.
  3. 3. a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
  4. 4. a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spacial information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory
  5. 5. the conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
  6. 9. encoding of sound, especially sound of words
  7. 10. a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic memory lasting no more than a few seconds
  8. 13. the disruptive effect of prior learning on recall of new information
  9. 16. the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain's natural mode of information processing for many functions
  10. 17. a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past
  11. 19. the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood
  12. 21. a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem
  13. 23. encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
  14. 25. a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
  15. 27. retention independent of conscious recollection(also called non-declarative or procedural memory)
  16. 28. the set of rules in which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language; also the study of meaning
  17. 29. memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
  18. 30. the tendency to be more confident than correct-to over estimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgement
  19. 31. unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well- learned information, such as word meaning
  20. 32. incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event
  21. 33. the tendency to think of things in only terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving
  22. 34. in a language, a system of rules that enable us to communicate with and understand others
  23. 35. the disruptive effect of new information on the recall of old information
  24. 36. a neural center that is located in the limbic system; helps process explicit memories for storage
  25. 37. clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited
  26. 38. the encoding of meaning, especially word meanings
  27. 39. the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
  28. 43. beginning about 2, the stage ion speech development during which a child speaks mostly two word statements
  29. 44. in psychoanalytical theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts,feelings, memories
  30. 45. beginning at about 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language
  31. 47. memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare"(also called declarative memory)
  32. 48. the inability to see a problem from a new perspective, by employing a different mental set
  33. 49. the stage in speech development, from age 1 to 2, during which a child speaks mostly in single words
  34. 50. the loss of memory
  35. 51. the processing of information into the memory system