7th Grade 4th 9 Weeks Vocab

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Across
  1. 4. ____VIII was the famous King of England that broke away from the Catholic Church after the Pope would not grant him a divorce from his wife.
  2. 7. A sweeping change in Europe where people began to use observation, experimentation, and reason to gain new knowledge. This led to new discoveries in physics, medicine, and chemistry.
  3. 12. The rights to life, liberty, and property.
  4. 13. ___ Passage is the journey of African Slaves from Africa to North America and the Caribbean that consisted of violent capture and unbearable ship conditions that often ended in death.
  5. 16. ___the Navigator was a Portuguese prince that used his money and influence to bring the best sailors, cartographers, and shipbuilders to Sagres in an effort to improve sea navigation and exploration.
  6. 17. Scientist and innovator that proved that objects fall at the same rate regardless of size. Using experiments he would improve the telescope and prove the heliocentric theory of the Universe.
  7. 19. This country colonized the Americas to gain more gold, spread Christianity, and gain worldwide recognition.
  8. 20. Formal agreement between two countries
  9. 22. England's 1st permanent colony in North America which was founded by people searching for gold. They found no gold, but did make money off of tobacco.
  10. 24. Pilgrims signed this compact outside their charter to set up the guidelines and principles of their government
  11. 25. Religious group that wanted to "purify" the Anglican Church of all Catholic ideas. They would settle in America to create a religious utopia to serve as an example or a "city on a hill" to the rest of the world.
  12. 26. English philosopher who wrote about the Social Contract Theory, and believed all men had natural rights.
  13. 28. Sea trade routes between the Americas, Europe, and Africa. Sugar, molasses, rum, tobacco, iron, cloth and slaves were all traded on these sea routes.
  14. 32. An economic theory that states a colony exists to benefit the home country. A country builds its power by gaining more gold and silver.
  15. 33. English mathematician who discovered the idea of gravity and developed laws of the motion of objects.
  16. 34. European country that started the age of exploration and colonization by its innovations in sea exploration.
  17. 37. Protestant group that wanted to separate from the Anglican Church. This persecuted group would sail on the Mayflower and land in Plymouth to create a new colony in North America.
  18. 38. To declare that a person or group no longer belongs to a church
  19. 39. A global exchange of people, plants, animals, technology, and disease from Americas to Europe and Africa.
  20. 40. France's 1st colonial settlement in North America that focused on the fur trade.
  21. 41. The idea of favoritism being shown to relatives in politics or businesses.
  22. 43. This country colonized North America because of religious persecution and profit from trade and land.
  23. 44. ____ de las Casas was a 16th century Spanish priest who advocated against Native American slaves and for African slaves.
  24. 45. ___ Reformation is the movement started my Martin Luther who wanted to reform the Catholic Church. This movement divided Europeans between Catholics and Protestants.
  25. 46. Cathedral in Germany where Luther posted his 95 Theses.
Down
  1. 1. ___ of Powers is the division of power among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government
  2. 2. ____Contract Theory is when government does not protect life, liberty, and property, then people have a right to rebel.
  3. 3. This country colonized the Americas because of fur and fishing.
  4. 5. Movement during the 1700s that spread the idea that knowledge, reason, and science could improve society.
  5. 6. __reformation was the Catholic Church's attempt to defeat Protestantism and convince people to return to the Church be reforming from within.
  6. 8. Ancient civilization conquered by Pizarro. He stole 65 million in gold and silver.
  7. 9. Scientist that discovered that the Earth and the planets revolve around the Sun.
  8. 10. French religious thinker that broke away from the Catholic Church and believed in predestination.
  9. 11. House of ___ is the first representative government in North America
  10. 14. Native American civilization that lived near the Yucatan Peninsula in present day Mexico. Descendants of this civilization still thrive in Central America, since the Spanish were never able to conquer them.
  11. 15. Everyday language people spoke in a region. Authors began using this with new literature after the printing press was invented.
  12. 18. Main Dutch coastal settlement located on Manhattan Island. It would later become New York City when the British took over.
  13. 21. ___Years War waged from 1618-1648, this conflict became a war between Protestant and Catholic kingdoms. War weakened Spain and made France one of Europe's most powerful countries.
  14. 23. Italian explorer that traveled west on the Atlantic Ocean and discovered new land in the Caribbean Sea. He is considered the Discoverer of America.
  15. 27. Certificates sold by the Catholic Church that forgave a person's sins.
  16. 29. Spanish ____ was a Catholic court in Spain used the charge of heresy to torture and kill religious and political enemies. Horrible tortures were invented to force confessions of guilt.
  17. 30. Ancient civilization that was defeated by Cortes after he attacked them at Tenochtitlan
  18. 31. ___ Servants is an individual that agrees to work 4-6 years to pay for his voyage to the Americas.
  19. 35. Protestant European country known for exploring and settling on Manhattan Island and bringing the first ship of slaves to North America.
  20. 36. A devout monk who questioned the wrong doing within the Catholic Church. His 95 Theses would spark the Reformation
  21. 42. French writer that believed the powers of government should be separated.