7th Grade Science Concepts

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Across
  1. 1. The equinox in spring, on about March 20 in the Northern Hemisphere and September 22 in the Southern Hemisphere.
  2. 6. An eclipse of the sun in which the edge of the Sun remains visible as a bright ring around the Moon.
  3. 8. An urban area having higher average temperature than its rural surroundings owing to the greater absorption, retention, and generation of heat by its buildings, pavements, and human activities.
  4. 9. A longitudinal earthquake wave that travels through the interior of the earth and is usually the first conspicuous wave to be recorded by a seismograph.
  5. 10. The lithosphere lies directly above this layer.
  6. 11. The geological process in which sediments, soil and rocks are added to a landform or land mass.
  7. 13. A hierarchical series of organisms each dependent on the next as a source of food.
  8. 15. When all the current continents were together then broke apart 200 million years ago.
  9. 19. An association between two organisms in which one benefits and the other derives neither benefit nor harm.
  10. 21. A cloud of gas and dust in outer space, visible in the night sky either as an indistinct bright patch or as a dark silhouette against other luminous matter.
  11. 24. Areas of volcanic activities that result from plumes of hot solid material that have risen from deep inside Earth's mantle.
  12. 25. A layer of molten iron and nickel that surrounds the inner core of Earth
  13. 29. An eclipse in which the whole of the disk of the Sun or Moon is obscured.
  14. 30. The shadow cast by the earth or Moon over an area experiencing a partial eclipse.
  15. 33. The state of the tide when its at its highest level.
  16. 34. Compressional Force, where Earth moves up.
  17. 40. The state of the tide when at its lowest level.
  18. 41. The solid, outer layer of the Earth that consists of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle.
  19. 42. Any of a class of substances occurring in nature, usually comprising inorganic substances, as quartz or feldspar, of definite chemical composition and usually of definite crystal structure, but sometimes also including rocks formed by these substances as well as certain natural products of organic origin, as asphalt or coal.
  20. 44. The phase of the moon when it is in conjunction with the sun and invisible from earth, or shortly thereafter when it appears as a slender crescent.
  21. 46. The maximum population size of the species that the environment can sustain indefinitely, given the food, habitat, water, and other necessities available in the environment.
  22. 47. The opening through which molten rock and gas leaves a volcano.
  23. 49. A tide just after the First or Third quarters of the moon when there is the least difference between high and low water.
  24. 57. An eclipse in which the Moon appears darkened as it passes into the Earth's shadow.
  25. 58. A logarithmic scale of 1 to 10 (a successor to the Richter scale) that enables seismologists to compare the energy released by different earthquakes on the basis of the area of the geological fault that ruptured in the quake.
  26. 61. The thin, rocky, outer layer of the Earth that forms the Earths outer skin.
  27. 62. Shearing force, where Earth moves sideways.
  28. 63. The curved sickle shape of the waxing or waning moon.
  29. 65. Deep long cracks where Earth's plates separate.
  30. 66. A volcano that has not erupted for a long time, but may erupt again one day.
  31. 67. A non-mutual symbiotic relationship between species, where one species, the parasite, benefits at the expense of the other, the host.
  32. 68. The factor that limits the reaction rate in any physiological process governed by many variables.
  33. 70. The specific area where an organism inhabits,the role or function of an organism or species in an ecosystem, and the interrelationship of a species with all the biotic and the abiotic factors affecting it.
  34. 72. A volcano that is erupting or has shown signs that it may erupt in the near future.
  35. 75. An eclipse of a celestial body in which only part of the luminary is obscured or darkened.
  36. 76. Symbiosis that is beneficial to both organisms involved.
  37. 78. The process of eroding or being eroded by wind, water, or other natural agents.
  38. 81. The boundary between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other.
  39. 82. A long, seismically active submarine ridge system situated in the middle of an ocean basin and marking the site of the upwelling of magma associated with seafloor spreading.
  40. 84. A graphical model of energy flow in a community. The different levels represent different groups of organisms that might compose a food chain. From the bottom-up, they are as follows: Producers — bring energy from nonliving sources into the community.
  41. 85. Rocks formed by the cooling and solidifying of molten materials. Igneous rocks can form beneath the Earth 's surface, or at its surface, as lava.
  42. 88. The climate of a very small or restricted area, especially when this differs from the climate of the surrounding area.
  43. 89. The boundary formed by the collision of two lithospheric plates.
  44. 91. The alternate rising and falling of the sea, usually twice in each lunar day at a particular place, due to the attraction of the Moon and Sun.
  45. 92. A tide just after a New or Full moon, when there is the greatest difference between high and low water.
  46. 93. A seismic wave that travels across the surface of the Earth as opposed to through it. Surface waves usually have larger amplitudes and longer wavelengths than body waves, and they travel more slowly than body waves do.
Down
  1. 1. Broad volcano with gently sloping sides built by nonexplosive eruptions of basaltic lava that accumulates in layers.
  2. 2. The long period of time occupied by the earth's geologic history.
  3. 3. Occurs when magma flows easily and gently bubbles out, the lava is thin and runny as it oozes out quietly from the vent. This type of magma has a low amount of trapped water vapor and silica, causing a more fluid viscosity and allowing the magma to flow.
  4. 4. The moment at which the sun passes through this point on or about September 23, marking the beginning of autumn in the Northern Hemisphere and spring in the Southern Hemisphere.
  5. 5. A device to measure the strength of a earthquake.
  6. 6. A layer of the upper mantle that flows due to heat currents moving through solid rock.
  7. 7. Rock that has formed through the deposition and solidification of sediment, especially sediment transported by water (rivers, lakes, and oceans), ice ( glaciers ), and wind. Sedimentary rocks are often deposited in layers, and frequently contain fossils.
  8. 12. Solid, dense center of the Earth. Made of iron.
  9. 14. Non-living chemical and physical parts of the environment that affect living organisms and the functioning of ecosystems.
  10. 16. The solstice that marks the onset of summer, at the time of the longest day, about June 21 in the Northern Hemisphere and December 22 in the Southern Hemisphere.
  11. 17. The era that is characterized by the ascendancy of mammals.
  12. 18. Noting or pertaining to an era occurring between 570 million and 230 million years ago, characterized by the advent of fish, insects, and reptiles.
  13. 20. Rock that was once one form of rock but has changed to another under the influence of heat, pressure, or some other agent without passing through a liquid phase.
  14. 22. A fissure in the earth's crust (or in the surface of some other planet) through which molten lava and gases erupt.
  15. 23. The phase of the moon in which its whole disk is illuminated.
  16. 26. Volcano built by alternating explosive and quiet eruptions that produce layers of tephra and lava; found mostly where Earth's plates come together and one plate sinks below the other.
  17. 27. A continuous process by which rocks are created, changed from one form to another, destroyed, and then formed again.
  18. 28. Interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both.
  19. 31. Noting or pertaining to an era occurring between 230 and 65 million years ago, characterized by the appearance of flowering plants and by the appearance and extinction of dinosaurs.
  20. 32. The solstice that marks the onset of winter, at the time of the shortest day, about December 22 in the Northern Hemisphere and June 21 in the Southern Hemisphere.
  21. 35. Volcanic event that can be created when magma is very thick, and clog up a volcano, stopping gases from erupting, leading to a buildup of pressure. often levels of silica and trapped water vapor are very high, causing the viscosity of the magma to increase dramatically.
  22. 36. Each of several hierarchical levels in an ecosystem, comprising organisms that share the same function in the food chain and the same nutritional relationship to the primary sources of energy.
  23. 37. An eclipse in which the Sun is obscured by the Moon.
  24. 38. A large elongated depression with steep walls formed by the downward displacement of a block of the earth's surface between nearly parallel faults or fault systems.
  25. 39. A scale, ranging from 1 to 10, for indicating the intensity of an earthquake.
  26. 43. The gradual movement of the continents across the earth's surface through geological time.
  27. 45. Igneous rock formed from magma forced into older rocks at depths within the Earth's crust, which then slowly solidifies below the Earth's surface, though it may later be exposed by erosion. Is cooled slowly from magma and has huge crystals that can be seen with the naked eye.
  28. 46. A steep, cone-shaped hill or small mountain made of volcanic ash, cinders, and bombs piled up around a volcano's opening
  29. 48. Tension force, where Earth moves down.
  30. 50. A system of interlocking and interdependent food chains.
  31. 51. The boundary between two tectonic plates that are sliding past each other horizontally.
  32. 52. Disintegration or alteration of rock in its natural or original position at or near the Earth’s surface through physical, chemical, and biological processes induced or modified by wind, water, and climate.
  33. 53. Break or crack along which rocks move.
  34. 54. Each of the four divisions of the year (spring, summer, autumn, and winter) marked by particular weather patterns and daylight hours, resulting from the Earth's changing position with regard to the Sun.
  35. 55. Having the observable illuminated part greater than a semicircle and less than a circle.
  36. 56. A measure of earthquake intensity with 12 divisions ranging from I (felt by very few) to XII (total destruction).
  37. 58. A scale used to measure the relative hardness of a mineral by its resistance to scratching.
  38. 59. Igneous rock formed from magma that reaches the Earth's surface. The magma typically cools quickly, and this type of rock has small crystals.
  39. 60. The formation of new areas of oceanic crust, which occurs through the upwelling of magma at midocean ridges and its subsequent outward movement on either side.
  40. 64. The sideways and downward movement of the edge of a plate of the earth's crust into the mantle beneath another plate.
  41. 69. The large hole at the top of a volcano formed when the roof of a volcano's magma chamber collapses.
  42. 71. When daytime and night are of approximately equal duration.
  43. 73. A living thing, as an animal or plant, that influences or affects an ecosystem.
  44. 74. The shape of the illuminated (sunlit) portion of the Moon as seen by an observer on Earth. Changes cyclically as the Moon orbits the Earth, according to the changing positions of the Moon and Sun relative to the Earth.
  45. 77. A cycle of 235 synodic months, very nearly equal to 19 years, after which the new moon occurs on the same day of the year as at the beginning of the cycle with perhaps a shift of one day, depending on the number of leap years in the cycle.
  46. 79. The record of an earthquake's seismic waves produced by a seismograph
  47. 80. Seismic waves that move slower than P waves and the crust vibrates side to side and up and down.
  48. 83. Fifty percent of the Moon is illuminated and visible from the Earth.
  49. 86. Any remains, impression, or trace of a living thing of a former geologic age, as a skeleton, footprint, etc.
  50. 87. A bowl-shaped opening at the top of a volcano.
  51. 90. The fully shaded inner region of a shadow cast by an opaque object, especially the area on the Earth or Moon experiencing the total phase of an eclipse.