Advanced Genetics

3. enzyme enzyme designed to cut DNA at specific places
7. pool sum of all the alleles that all individuals of a population can possibly possess
9. failure of chromosome to separate in meiosis
10. drift variation in allelic frequency due to chance such as death or not reproducing
12. Engineering deliberately modifying an organism’s DNA
16. physical or chemical substance that changes genetic structure
18. electrophoresis technique used to separate DNA fragments by size
20. frequency how often an allele is present in a gene pool
21. Chain Reaction cycles of heating and cooling to multiply DNA content

1. recombining DNA from different organisms
2. mutation-mutation that produces a change in protein product produced
4. therapy replacing a defective gene with a good copy of a copy
5. mutation when one nucleotide base pair changes
6. determining the order of DNA
7. organism’s full set of DNA
8. over exchange of DNA between homologous chromosomes
11. when a mutated cell divides uncontrollably
13. chemicals that increase one’s cancer risk
14. flow ebb and flow of genetic material in a population; this includes emigration and immigration
15. fingerprinting technique comparing DNA fragment pattern with source
17. the ends of a chromosome
19. gene transfer bacteria can exchange genes through plasmids without reproduction