Africa Geography

2. The process of establishing control and settlements in foreign lands
4. The highest mountain in Africa, located in Tanzania
5. The largest hot desert in the world, covering most of Northern Africa
6. A dry region with little rainfall and few plants
8. The ocean west of Africa where millions of enslaved Africans were transported
11. A man-made waterway connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea, important for trade
12. The world’s longest river that flows north through eastern Africa into the Mediterranean
16. The race among European nations to claim African territory in the 1800s
17. The variety of ethnic groups, languages, and traditions found across Africa
20. The forced movement of Africans across the Atlantic to work as slaves
22. A powerful West African kingdom known for wealth and trade in gold and salt
24. Historical trade route connecting Africa, Europe, and the Americas, involving goods and enslaved people
27. The period when African nations fought to gain freedom from European rule
28. Materials such as oil, diamonds, and minerals that are abundant across Africa but unevenly distributed
29. A region near the Equator with dense vegetation and heavy rainfall
30. A massive trench system in Eastern Africa formed by tectonic activity
31. A large river system that flows through Central Africa and the tropical rainforest

1. A grassy plain with scattered trees, home to elephants, lions, and giraffes
3. Leader who fought against apartheid and became South Africa’s first Black president
7. A semi-dry grassland region found between deserts and wetter areas
9. A system of racial segregation and discrimination once enforced in South Africa
10. 1884–1885 meeting where European nations divided Africa among themselves
13. A precious metal that made West African empires like Mali wealthy
14. The imaginary line dividing Earth into northern and southern halves that crosses central Africa
15. A transition zone between the Sahara Desert and the savanna
18. Africa’s largest lake and a major source of the Nile River
19. A semi-arid desert region in southern Africa that supports some vegetation and wildlife
21. A climate with hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters found along North Africa’s coast
23. A desert along the southwestern coast of Africa known for its red sand dunes
25. A mountain range in northwestern Africa that stretches through Morocco and Algeria
26. A valuable mineral traded across the Sahara, once worth its weight in gold