African States' Impact on Networks of Exchange

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Across
  1. 2. – Malian ruler whose pilgrimage to Mecca displayed immense wealth and promoted Islam abroad.
  2. 7. – Religious structures built across Mali and Swahili cities, reflecting Islamic influence.
  3. 10. – String of East African city-states that thrived as middlemen in Indian Ocean trade.
  4. 12. – Valued commodity in Mali that symbolized its role as a center of learning and scholarship.
  5. 14. – Blending of African traditions with Islam in religion, language, and culture.
  6. 16. – Key African export carried from both Mali and Swahili Coast into wider markets.
  7. 17. – Early West African kingdom that prospered from controlling trans-Saharan trade before Mali.
  8. 19. – West African state that succeeded Mali and expanded control over trade.
Down
  1. 1. – Malian city known for trade, Islamic scholarship, and its famous learning centers.
  2. 3. – Human captives exported from Africa along trans-Saharan and Indian Ocean routes.
  3. 4. – Important Swahili port that prospered from ivory, spice, and slave trade.
  4. 5. – Seasonal winds that allowed merchants to time voyages safely in the Indian Ocean.
  5. 6. – Prominent Swahili city-state that grew wealthy from controlling regional trade.
  6. 8. – Indian Ocean commodity that Swahili ports exchanged along with ivory and slaves.
  7. 9. – Exchange system where West African gold was traded for North African salt.
  8. 11. – Precious metal exported from both West Africa and Swahili ports, fueling global demand.
  9. 13. – Merchant settlements of Arabs, Persians, and Indians in Swahili ports that spread culture and commerce.
  10. 15. – West African state that thrived by dominating the gold-salt trade and spreading Islam.
  11. 16. – Religion that spread into West and East Africa through trade, shaping politics and culture.
  12. 18. – Groups of merchants and camels that connected Mali to North Africa across the Sahara.