Age of Exploration

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Across
  1. 4. Considered the first global conflict during the mid-1700s between Great Britain and French over commercial and imperial rivalry.
  2. 6. The exchange of diseases, foods, people, and precious metals across the Atlantic Ocean during the 15th and 16th centuries.
  3. 8. A light, 3-4 mast ship used by the Spanish and Portuguese to explore the Atlantic Ocean that possessed triangular sails to maneuver in less favorable conditions.
  4. 9. Also known as the Edo period between the 1600s and 1800s, where Japan was under the Tokugawa Shogunate, a military dictatorship that promoted the isolation of Japan to unify the state under central control.
  5. 10. Prince Henry of Portugal, Duke of Viseu, responsible for European maritime expansion and exploration of the Atlantic during the 1400s.
  6. 11. Low-cost products of high demand in the global economy with the intent of mass production to export, consisting of sugar, rice, maize, wheat, tobacco, cotton, etc.
  7. 16. A joint-stock company and trading empire that focused on Indian and Atlantic Ocean trade during the 17th century, effectively establishing the British Empire worldwide.
  8. 17. Invaders, knights, soldiers, and explorers of the Spanish and Portuguese Empires in Central America.
  9. 18. Grants provided by the Spanish crown to conquerors consisting of land with Amerindians to supply labor in exchange for a portion of its capital and the conversion of the natives to Christianity.
  10. 19. Disease transmitted across the globe during the Columbian Exchange responsible for eliminating approximately 80-90% of Native American populations.
  11. 20. An agreement in 1494 between the Portuguese and Spanish Empires that divided colonized land between them.
Down
  1. 1. Representatives of the Spanish crown, appointed by the king, in American colonies empowered to act out the sovereign’s wishes by forming local principalities.
  2. 2. A Spanish Conquistador associated with the fall of the Aztec empire and uniting large portions of Central America under Spanish rule during the early 1500s.
  3. 3. A triangular trading route established in the Atlantic Ocean during the 16th century, connecting Europe, Africa, and the Americas, persisting through the 19th century concerning the trade of luxury goods, cash crops, and people.
  4. 5. European constructed social hierarchy based on racial origins due to intercultural mixing during colonization, consisting of Peninsularies, Creoles, Mestizos, Mullatoes, Amerindian, Zambos, Negros, and Slaves.
  5. 7. An Italian/Spanish explorer credited with establishing the first colonies in the Americas in 1492 while searching for resources to support a Spanish Crusade.
  6. 12. Also known as King Philips War or the First Indian War, it took place in 1675 as the first substantial resistance by Native Americans against European colonists.
  7. 13. An economic philosophy to control colonies that established their sole purpose: to support the mother country to restrict the amount of importation, sell exports as widely as possible, and have easy access to gold and silver.
  8. 14. A technique that allowed ships to sail into the wind rather than before it, permitting maritime expansion/exploration.
  9. 15. An adaptation of the Incan Mita system in Mexico, a form of coerced labor that kept people of the land in debt and forced to work.