Age of Exploration Vocab

5. the widespread transfer of plants, animals, and diseases
12. an agreement between the Kingdoms of Spain and Portugal that defined where each could explore and claim lands
13. first permanent English settlement in North America 1607
14. segment of the global slave trade that transported between 10 million and 12 million enslaved Africans across the Atlantic
15. an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit
16. the economic theory that trade generates wealth and is stimulated by the accumulation of profitable balances, which a government should encourage by means of protectionism

1. a Portuguese mariner and explorer. In 1488, he became the first European navigator to round the southern tip of Africa
2. a country or area under the full or partial political control of another country, typically a distant one, and occupied by settlers from that country
3. a multilateral system of trading in which a country pays for its imports from one country by its exports to another
4. a person who is out to conquer new territory
6. a person who journeys to a sacred place for religious reasons
7. the sea journey undertaken by slave ships from West Africa to the West Indies
8. an Italian explorer and navigator from the Republic of Genoa who completed four Spanish-based voyages across the Atlantic Ocean
9. the North American conflict in a larger imperial war between Great Britain and France known as the Seven Years' War
10. a central figure in the early days of the Portuguese Empire and in the 15th-century European maritime discoveries and maritime expansion
11. a Portuguese explorer and nobleman who was the first European to reach India by sea