AHPS: Week 5 - Lab Animals 1

Across

2. sentience is the capacity to experience pain, distress and __________. Not can they reason or talk, but can they suffer?
5. ethical arguments are _____________ not emotional. They consider voices and interests of all members of society (including voiceless members – infants, animals, environment etc).
7. one ethical __________ is : is what the animals go through really justified by the potential benefits? Are benefits likely to be achieved?
9. current legislation in VIC – ________________ of cruelty to animals act 1986 – part 3 applies – defines scientific procedures and which animals can be used etc. _____________ of cruelty to animals regulations (2008) – defines liscencing systems, offences, animals ethics and approval system, oversight and supervision, auditing, specific outlawed procedures.
12. a ___________ concern – what is really being done to them? Are animal users really doing their best for them?
14. as far as reducing the name of animals used in a study, it may actually be better to use ______ animals, but have each go through less.
17. animal experiments endorse ______________ - “for the greater good” (greatest good for the greatest number with the least harm).
22. there are _______ feelings for and against using animals for research.
24. environmental _____________ is one way to REFINE a study.
27. the vast majority of animals used in labs in Australia and either ______ or rats. Then fish, birds, rabbits...
28. stress and disease increases ______________ in research – poor quality science.
30. the third R – REFINEment – using anaesthetic and ____ relief, aseptic techniques, good post-op care, enrichment, better housing
33. the capacity to experience pain and distress and pleasure. Fuzzy boundaries – what about oysters and crustaceans?
35. most experiments are either observational, or involve a minor intervention while the animal is ________ (no anaesthesia).
37. there tends to be either an excessive ________ or excessive distrust in ‘science’.

Down

1. because access to labs are ____________, community does not really know all that much about the living conditions of lab animals. Try to amend this by putting community and welfare reps on ethics committees.
3. animal welfare – how an animal is ______ with the conditions in which it lives.
4. animals have been incredibly useful in biomedical and scientific research, and have helped understand and treat many __________ and animal conditions. – sheep used for dust mite allergen research, mice and non-human primates used for Parkinsons research, rats and spinal cord injury treatment, mdx and double knockout mice used for duchenne muscular dystrophy.
6. no one can perform any scientific procedures with animals without a valid scientific procedures premises __________. Premises must be up to standards. Need Animal Ethics Committee approval, investigator approval.
8. experiments with _______ as the required endpoint are very very rare.
9. as well as improving the health and wellbeing of humans and animals, animal research can improve ______________ and welfare of farm animals, can help with conservation/ecology, can improve basic understanding of biology.
10. in the 1800s, suffering was viewed as ________. People accepted pain as a given. Late 1800s, suffering more noticed. Not the same today. Suffering is not viewed as __________.
11. animal ethics committees include: category A – vet, category B – scientist, C – animal welfare rep, D - ____ person, an animal facility manager and animal welfare officer.
13. NHMRC __________ are used to promote the best practice for welfare – international standards, evidence based, expected to change and evolve over time.
14. the 3 R’s are ________________ (mandatory / legally binding).
15. things an animal ethics committee looks at: aims, justification, potential benefits, pain and distress, number of animals (and demographic) used, whether or not the work has been done before, procedures, re-use of animals, replace/reduce/refine, training of personnel, humane endpoints/euthanasia, and scavenging of ______ to potentially use in other experiments.
16. there is an _____________ bottom line that cannot be crossed when it comes to experiments – regardless of potential benefit to humans/animals. This line is changing.
18. animal ethics committees carry out ____________, bureau of animal welfare (BAW) carries out audits.
19. lab animal welfare must be optimal for both ethical (want animals to be healthy and comfortable) and _________ integrity (when health status is poor = unreliable results)
20. an animal ____________ concern – do humans have any right to use another species for their own end?
21. the first R – REPLACE with _____ animal alternatives – computer modelling, in vitro experiments, etc.
23. the Bureau of Animal Welfare (BAW) issues licenses under the _______ (abbreviation) and administers codes/guidelines. When experiments occuring, BAW regulates audits.
25. the job of an animal ethics committee involves overseeing the project and applying the ______ R’s as much as possible.
26. experiments are highly regulated and subject to ethical review, independant ______s, checka and in some cases public scrutiny (freedom of information).
29. it seems that lab animal use is ____________, though endpoints are less severe.
31. the 3 R’s - _______, reduce, refine.
32. being ethical involves conducting behaviour in accordance with standards, being moraaly correct based on expectations of ___________ (need to be informed about what ___________ believes), and promoting best outcomes for everyone.
34. the second R - REDUCE the ___________ of animals used – yet still need to be statistically valid. May use imaging to view progresiion of disease, rather than making sequential sacrifices.
36. ethics is not the ______ as welfare. But similar. Ethical arguments are rational, not emotional.