ALAT Chapter 11: Animal Procurement & Quarantine

3. The first level of microbial cleanliness; animals at this level carry an unknown, uncontrolled variety and number of organisms
4. The system of engineering and work practice controls that ensure the exclusion of microorganisms
7. The second level of microbial cleanliness; animals are known to be free of specific pathogens, although not necessarily free from all microorganisms
9. A dealer that purchase and condition random-source animals for resale
11. All animals must be associated with a:
13. The separation of newly received animals from those already in the facility until the health and possibly the microbial status of the newly received animals have been determined; these rooms are often maintained under negative pressure
14. What newly received animals should be given to recover from the stress of transportation and to adjust to their new surroundings before use in a study; generally 72 hours (at least 14 days for NHPs)
15. The fourth level of microbial cleanliness; considered gnotobiotic; these animals harbor very small numbers of known microorganisms

1. A time where health problems are treated and an animal's body condition can be improved; often necessary for wild-caught animals; generally 72 hours (at least 14 days for NHPs)
2. A term that means "known life"
5. A.K.A. germfree, the third level of microbial cleanliness; considered gnotobiotic; animals that harbor no detectable bacteria, viruses, or other microorganisms
6. Animal housing that is set up to contain a bacterial agent, virus, or human material that is being experimentally introduced to animals
8. The types of microorganisms that an animal is carrying, e.g., bacteria and viruses
10. Completing this is usually the first step for an investigator to order animals for the purpose of conducting research on an approved protocol
12. A dealer that breeds their own animals; can usually provide information on the health status of their animals from birth